In Hebrews 3-4 there are 4 “rests” and then an application that gives us a 5th rest:

1. God rested on the 7th day of the creation week. 4:3 although His works were finished from the foundation of the world. ⁴ For He has said somewhere concerning the seventh day: “And God rested on the seventh day from all His works”. This rest of God is the basis for all the other rests. The idea is that if believers can endure to the end then they will rest from their labors and be rewarded. 4:¹⁰ For the one who has entered His rest has himself also rested from his works, as God did from His.”
2. The Promised Land was rest for the Israelites in the Old Testament. The Promised Land would be a land of milk and honey, cities already built for them, vineyards already planted, victory over their enemies and peace, a place of rest after 400 years of slavery in Egypt and several months of harsh travel in the wilderness and desert on the way to Canaan. Unfortunately, that first generation that came out of Egypt rebelled and missed entering that rest and were all sentenced to die (those 20 and older) in the wilderness wandering for 40 years. The next generation was able to enter the Canaan rest under the leadership of Joshua.
3. The rest that was offered by King David in Psalm 95, which the author of Hebrews quotes in Hebrews 3:7-11. In Hebrews 4:⁷ He (i.e. God) again sets a certain day, “Today,” saying through David after so long a time just as has been said before,”Today if you hear His voice do not harden your hearts”. 8 For if Joshua had given them rest (the Canaan rest that Joshua led the people into), He would not have spoken of another day after that.” In other words, if entering Canaan rest under Joshua was the last rest offered, then another rest would not have been offered to the people in David’s day. David even makes the plea to enter God’s rest as a current offer, “Today”..
4. The rest that the Hebrew author was warning them not to miss. What rest were they in danger of not entering? It had to be a rest they could or could not enter in their lifetime. Here is the full preterist view of that rest for the Jewish Christians that Hebrews was written to. “According to the full preterist interpretation, the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD and the subsequent end of the Old Covenant system fulfilled a key prophetic and theological event that brought “rest” to believers. The end of ritual labor: The Old Covenant required continual sacrifices and ritualistic works from the Levitical priesthood. In the preterist view, the destruction of the temple ended the need for this priestly labor, fulfilling the “resting from his own works” mentioned in Hebrews 4:10.
   A new era of worship: With the Temple’s destruction, worship shifted permanently from a physical location and ceremonial system to a new, spiritual reality centered on Christ, the superior High Priest. This inaugurated the final spiritual rest for the people of God.
   Warning to Jewish Christians: The original audience of Hebrews was composed of Jewish Christians facing persecution and tempted to return to the security of Judaism. The author’s warning in Hebrews 4 to “strive to enter that rest” would have been a timely encouragement for them to persevere in Christ and not revert to a system that was about to be destroyed.
   So this sabbath rest they could enter in 70 AD would be a Messianic rest for all believers from 70 AD onward. It would be especially significant for Jews who were burdened with the legalistic requirements of the Law and yet no eternal hope provided by the Law. You are constantly working to keep a Law that can’t even save you. You become wearied with your sins and your inability to keep the Law perfectly.” I believe that the 40 years in the wilderness is parallel to the 40 years of the transition period of the early church from 30-70 AD and the transition from the old to the new covenant. We trend to read Hebrews 4 as if the author is writing to us, but he isn’t. He is writing to those Christians living in the transition period trying to remain faithful till the judgment and end of the transition period in 70 AD.
5. What is the rest for believers after 70 AD? It would be the rest Jesus offered in Mt 11:28-30. ²⁸ “Come to Me, all who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. ²⁹ Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. ³⁰ For My yoke is comfortable, and My burden is light.” Most of us are not Jewish Christians so this rest might not look the same it would to them trying to hold on till 70 AD. But it is a rest that we all should strive for. It is a “spiritual rest” while on earth. AI: Trust and reliance: True Christian rest involves trusting God with life’s burdens, knowing He is sufficient and will provide. It’s a choice to let go of the need to control everything. Peace and security: It is the peace and security that comes from a right relationship with God, found in entrusting your life to Him.
   Connection with God: Resting in God involves spending time in His presence, being still, and allowing His peace to fill your mind, body, and spirit. A deeper fulfillment: This spiritual rest is not just a pause but a profound strategy for spiritual health and a way to find strength and focus on God Himself, not just on the tasks of life. Most people, even Christians, live their entire lives without finding God’s rest. I, for one, am always striving, working, thinking, controlling, being frustrated, worrying, etc. Seldom do I just sit back and enjoy Jesus’ rest and be at total piece. Are you like that? I wish I could just fly away and find rest, like David said in Psalm 55:6 I said, “Oh, that I had wings like a dove! I would fly away and be at rest.” One day, I hope to enter a final phase of rest that God has prepared for believers. Revelation 14:¹³ And I heard a voice from heaven, saying, “Write: ‘Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on!’” “Yes,” says the Spirit, “so that they may rest from their labors, for their deeds follow with them.” It will be nice just to enjoy being around throne and being freed from this weary, burdensome life on earth. Revelation 7 paints that picture of eternity: ¹³ Then one of the elders responded, saying to me, “These who are clothed in the white robes, who are they, and where have they come from?” ¹⁴ I said to him, “My lord, you know.” And he said to me, “These are the ones who come out of the great tribulation, and they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. ¹⁵ For this reason they are before the throne of God, and they serve Him day and night in His temple; and He who sits on the throne will spread His tabernacle over them. ¹⁶ They will no longer hunger nor thirst, nor will the sun beat down on them, nor any scorching heat; ¹⁷ for the Lamb in the center of the throne will be their shepherd, and will guide them to springs of the water of life; and God will wipe every tear from their eyes.”