Chapters 21-23 are called the “book of the covenant” (Exodus 24:7). Here’s a great AI summary of the book of the covenant. The book contains an ancient set of practical case laws given by God to Israel at Mount Sinai to show how the Ten Commandments apply to everyday life.
Exodus 21: Laws on People and Injury
Servants: Rules for Hebrew and foreign servants, including freedom after six years of service.
Violence: Punishments for murder, accidental manslaughter, and striking parents.
Personal Injury: Rules for physical fights and harm to pregnant women, establishing proportional justice (lex talionis, or “an eye for an eye”).
Animal Liability: Owner responsibility if a dangerous ox gores someone.
Exodus 22: Property, Theft, and Moral Duty
Theft and Restitution: Rules requiring thieves to pay back stolen property, sometimes multiple times.
Property Damage: Responsibility for fires spreading to a neighbor’s field or livestock eating crops.
Social Morality: Laws on not mistreating vulnerable people like widows, orphans, and strangers.
Moral Purity: Strict prohibitions against sorcery, bestiality, and idol worship.
Exodus 23: Justice, Sabbaths, and Feasts
Fair Justice: Warnings against taking bribes, spreading false rumors, or ganging up to pervert justice. Even enemies must receive basic help with their stray animals.
Sabbath Year: Letting farm fields rest every seventh year so the poor and wild animals can eat.
Weekly Sabbath: Commanding a day of rest for workers and animals.
Three Annual Feasts: The Feast of Unleavened Bread, the Feast of Harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering, where all males must appear before God.
The Angel’s Role: God promises to send an angel ahead of Israel to guard them on the way and bring them into Canaan.
Call to Obedience: The people must listen to the angel’s voice and not rebel, because God’s name is in him and rebellion will not be pardoned.
Warnings Against Idolatry
Reject False Gods: Israel is strictly commanded not to bow down to, serve, or imitate the religious practices of the local inhabitants (Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites, and Jebusites).
Destroy Idols: The Israelites must utterly overthrow these nations and break their sacred pillars in pieces.
Avoid Snares: Foreign nations cannot remain in the land, or they will tempt Israel into idolatry.
Promises of Blessing and Victory
Gradual Conquest: God will drive out the enemy nations “little by little” so the land does not become desolate and overrun by wild animals before Israel’s population grows enough to occupy it.
Provision and Health: Serving the Lord brings divine blessing on their bread and water, freedom from sickness, and fertile land where none are barren. Blessings in the old covenant are pretty much physical in nature.
Moses told the people all these words and twice the people said, ““All the words which the Lord has spoken we will do!” (Exodus 24:3). Of course, they did not obey the Lord’s words in the future. Moses had them offer bulls as a sacrifice to God and then sprinkled half the blood on the altar and half on the people, calling it the “blood of the (old) covenant”. The book of Hebrews tells us that blood of animals was insufficient to provide eternal forgivenss of sins, and that the blood of Jesus was the blood of the new covenant that would forgive sins once for all time.
Then something strange happened. Exodus 24:9 Then Moses went up with Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel, 10 and they saw the God of Israel; and under His feet there appeared to be a pavement of sapphire, as clear as the sky itself. 11 Yet He did not stretch out His hand against the nobles of the sons of Israel; and they saw God, and they ate and drank.” God would later tell Moses, “You cannot see My face, for no man can see Me and live!” (Exodus 33:20) so it is unusual that these men “saw God” and lived. Then Moses went up on Mt Sinai alone and stayed there 40 days. The people looked on as the glory of the Lord appeeared as a burning fire on top of the mountain. Chapter 25 begins the detailed instructions for building the tabernacle and the furnishings that God gave Moses during those 40 days. So we will hold off on discussing the tabernacle since it is covered in the next day reading. BTW Nadab and Abihu were priests who were killed by God for offering strange fire in Numbers 10.
Hope you are keeping up with the daily reading and blog articles. I am enjoying writing them for you and hope they are helpful.
FROM THE RED SEA TO MT SINAI The The complaining and grumbling of Israel began at Marah (Exodus 15:22-25). Several more things happened between the Red Sea and Mt Sinai in Exodus 16-20. Here is a summary:
1. Marah: This is where the travelers encountered bitter, undrinkable water. Moses miraculously sweetened the water by casting a piece of wood into it.
2. Elim: They camped beside 12 springs of water and 70 date palms.
3.. Wilderness of Sin: Here, the community grumbled about food shortages. In response, God introduced the weekly Sabbath and began providing daily manna and evening quail.
4. Rephidim (Massah and Meribah): Rephidim encompasses multiple events:
Massah & Meribah: These titles mean “testing” and “quarrelling”. They describe the exact spot within Rephidim where the people complained about water, prompting Moses to strike the rock at Horeb to supply them.
The Battle of Rephidim: The location where Joshua led the defense against the attacking Amalekites while Aaron and Hur held up Moses’ arms. Much later God would tell Saul to completely wipe out the Amalekites b/c of this attack. Yahweh-Nissi (The Lord is my Banner).
4.Mount Sinai(Mount Horeb): The sacred mountain where Israel camped, received the Ten Commandments, and constructed the Tabernacle
MANNA AND WATER FROM THE ROCK God gave them manna every day for the 40 years in the wilderness (except on the Sabbath: they would gather twice as much on Friday although some tried to gather on the Sabbath and found none( ) and water fron the rock. They could only gather what they could eat in a day: anything extra would rot at sunset. 1 Corinthians 10:1 For I do not want you to be unaware, brethren, that our fathers were all under the cloud and all passed through the sea; 2 and all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea; 3 and all ate the same spiritual food; 4 and all drank the same spiritual drink, for they were drinking from a spiritual rock which followed them; and the rock was Christ.” As they crossed the Red Sea, the sea was on both sides of them and the cloud that followed them was above them: thus they were “immersed” (baptized) in the cloud and sea. The rock was Christ: water from the rock is a type of Jesus giving the water of eternal life to believers.
JETHRO COMES TO MOSES Exodus 18: Apparently Moses’ wife and two sons had started his journey back to Egypt but returned to Midian b/c Jethro (Ruel) brought them to meet Moses at Mt Sinai. Jethro saw that Moses was wearing himself out trying to judge every single dispute among the people and advised him to delegate the minor issues to various capable men.
ARRIVAL AT MT SINAI. Exodus 19: The Israelites arrived at Mt Sinai in the 3rd month after they left Egypt. They had traveled about 350 miles. They camped at the foot of Mt Sinai. The terrifying scene at Mount Sinai in Exodus 19 features a violent display of divine presence with heavy thunder, flashes of lightning, a thick dark cloud, and a blaring trumpet that caused the entire Israelite camp to shake with fear. This display of God’s power was designed to strike fear in the people such that they would be afraid to not obey God. Hebrews 12 describes this same scene: 12:18 For you have not come to a mountain that can be touched and to a blazing fire, and to darkness and gloom and whirlwind, 19 and to the blast of a trumpet and the sound of words which sound was such that those who heard begged that no further word be spoken to them. 20 For they could not bear the command, “If even a beast touches the mountain, it will be stoned.” 21 And so terrible was the sight, that Moses said, “I am full of fear and trembling.” The Hebrew writer would then go on to say that the Hebrew Christians had not come to Mt Sinai but had come to a spiritual Mt Zion and the heavenly Jerusalem, the church and warned them not to leave their faith in Jesus to return to Judaism. I can’t imagine what it was like being at the fout of Mt Sinai seeing and hearing all this. It had to be terrifying.
THE 10 COMMANDMENTS Moses want up on Mt Sinai and God gave him the 10 commandments. Here is a great slide:
ARE THE 10 COMMANDMENTS BINDING ON GENTILE CHRISTIANS UNDER THE NEW COVENANT? 9 of the 10 commandments would apply to Christians under the new covenant also, but “remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy” was a special command given to Israel and not to Gentile Christians under the new covenant. Eodus 31:12 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 13 “But as for you, speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘You shall surely observe My sabbaths; for this is a sign between Me and you throughout your generations, that you may know that I am the Lord who sanctifies you.” Nehemiah 9:13 says that God made known the Sabbath at Mt Sinai. They did not have a command to rest on the Sabbath before Mt Sinai The 7th Day Adventists claim that people were commanded to keep the Sabbath from the very beginning in the Garden of Eden but that is not true. Genesis 2 says that God blessed and sanctified the Sabbath day but it doesn’t say that He commanded Adam and Eve to start resting on the Sabbath. Nowhere in the new covenant are Gentile Christians commanded to keep the Sabbath. Jesus kept the Sabbath but this is b/c he was a Jews still living under the old covenant. Paul and Jewish Christians continued to keep the Sabbath until 70 AD when the old covenant “disappeared” (Hebrews 8:13). Of course, any Christian is free to observe a day or rest on Saturday, but he/she should not bind that on others.
Chapters 11 and 12 tell about the 10th plague, the death of the firstborn of Egypt, including the cattle, at midnight. Can you imagine the horror, the cries and screaming coiming for every house in your neighborhood, all at the same time at the stroke of midnight? Picture that happening all through the land of Egypt to about 3 million Egyptians (according to historians). They awaken to find dead cattle all over the land in mass numbers. No wonder they begged the Israelites to leave Egypt and gave them silver and gold and clothing. That gold, unfortunately, would be used to make a golden calf and worship it at Mt Sinai. The Israelites “plundered” the Egyptians (Exodus 12:36).
THE PASSOVER That night of the death of the firstborn the Israelites were to eat the Passover lamb (chapter 12) with their sandals on, ready to make a hasty departure from Egypt. They were to sprinkle the blood of the lamb on their doorposts and lintels. If they did, the Lord would “pass over” their houses and not allow the “destroyer” (Exodus 12:23, some have called this the “death angel”) to kill their firstborn. They would not have time to let their bread leaven, so they made cakes of unleavened bread for their meal and their journey. God then gave Moses detailed instructions for this Passover Feast and Feast of Unleavened Bread (a 7 day feast) to be an annual ritual for Israel. The Israelites are to use these feasts to teach and remind their children about how God brought Israel out of Egyptian slavery.
Life Lesson: The Passover lamb was a type of Jesus, our Passover lamb who was slain to save us from our sins. 1 Corinthians 5:6 For Christ our Passover also has been sacrificed.” The Passover lamb was to be “unblemished” and Christ was sinless. John 1:29 John the Baptist proclaims Jesus to be the “Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!” 1 Peter 1:18 you were not redeemed with perishable things like silver or gold from your futile way of life inherited from your forefathers, 19 but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ. 20 For He was foreknown before the foundation of the world.” You see, even before God created man, God knew that man would sin and that God would send His sinless Son to die to redeem man from sin (for some reason that satisfied God’s wrath against our sins and allowed Him to be both just and the justifier of those who put their faith in Jesus). So, God gave the commands to Israel in Egypt for a Passover Lamb as a type of Christ our Passover Lamb. Gentile Christians don’t celebrate the Passover Feast each year but we celebrate Christ as our Passover Lamb every moment of every day (or at least we should). Do you begin each day thanking God for sending Jesus to save us? Do you begin each day thanking Jesus for dying for us? Jesus ate his last supper with his disciples in the upper room the night before his death with a Passover meal with unleavened bread. During that meal, he instituted the Lord’s Supper with the wine and the unleavened bread, which he said represented his body and blood offered for sin. Early Christians were told to partake of that Lord’s Supper in remembrance of Jesus dying for them. It appears that they ate the Lord’s Supper as part of a meal, the “love feasts” (Jude 1:12, a love meal with the rich and the poor Christians). It’s kinda sad to me that we make the Lord’s Supper just the eating of a little wafer and sip of grape juice instead of part of a love feast meal. I think the early Christians took the Lord’s Supper often, even during the week, as part of their meals together. But whenever, however, and how often you partake of the Lord’s Supper, it should be a sacred reminder of Jesus, the Passover Lamb who was slain to take away the sins of the world. Hebrews 11:28 By faith he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood, so that he who destroyed the firstborn would not touch them.”
THE CONSECRATION OF THE FIRSTBORN God also commanded the people to “consecrate their firstborn” of children and animals as a remembrance of God sparing the firstborn of Israel in Egypt (chapter 13). The first of all their crops was to be given to the Lord. The firstborn of clean animals was to be offered as a sacrifice to God. The firstborn of unclean animals was to be substituted with a lamb sacrifice since unclean animals could not be sacrificed to God. But the firstborn children could be “redeemed” instead of killed by giving 5 shekels of silver to the support of the Levitical priests (Numbers 18:15-16). If you are a firstborn in your family, this ritual has to have some meaning for you even if you are not an Israelites and even if you were not redeemed with money. You are special to God.
THE EXODUS Exodus 12:40 Now the time that the sons of Israel lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years. 41 And at the end of four hundred and thirty years, to the very day, all the hosts of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt.” If you are one for technicalities, the statement that Israel went our from Egypt after 430 years “to the very day” is interesting. In Genesis 15 God told Abraham that his descendants would come out of slavery in the 4th generation which proved to be true: Levi/Kohath/Amram/Moses. Levi, Kohath, and Amram lived to their 130’s, but those 4 generations overlapped and would not give a total of 430 years in actual slavery. The 430 years in Exodus 12:41 is calculated as the total time of the Abrahamic Sojourn, spanning from the time God made His covenant promise to Abraham in Canaan until the Exodus. Scholars divide the 430-year period into two equal blocks of 215 years based on the chronological data in Genesis. First 215 Years (Canaan): From when Abraham was 75 and received the divine promise (Genesis 12:4) until Isaac was born (25 years), plus the years Isaac and Jacob lived as foreigners in Canaan before descending into Egypt. Second 215 Years (Egypt): From when Jacob and his family moved to Egypt (at age 130) until the final Exodus, covering the 4 generations of Levi/Kohath/Amram/Moses. Genesis 15:13 mentions 400 years of affliction, which begins later (approx. 30 years into the timeline, after Isaac is mocked or Ishmael/afflictions begin) and specifically isolates the time of hardship, while the 430 years marks the complete legal span of the covenant. Joseph was 40 when Jacob moved his family to Egypt and he died at 110 before a new king arose and began the slavery of the Israelites, so that is 70 years of peace and prosperity including the time of Levi, the son of Jacob. If the Israelites were only in Egypt for 215 years, then that only leaves a maximum of 140 years that they were enslaved. How’s that for being technical! It does kinda nullify my teaching in the past that the Israelites were actually in slavery for a full 400 years. Oh well, live and learn.
THE CROSSING OF THE RED SEA Chapter 14 tells how God led 600,000 men (probably over 1 1/2 million total men, women, and children) to the Red Sea instead of going by the well traveled route that passed close by the Mediteranean Sea through Philistine territory (He knew they would see the military of the Philistines and rebel, returning to Egypt). He led them with a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night so they “could travel day and night”. They camped by the Red Sea when Pharoah decided to track them down with 600 select chariots. To Pharoah it looked like the Israelites were trapped in the wilderness b/c they could not cross the Red Sea and had nowhere to escape. So he pursued them. Actually this was another part of God’s plan. He would harden Pharoah’s heart one more time (Exodus 14:4,8) into tricking him into thinking that the Israelites were trapped and easy prey to kill. Again, Pharoah made his own choice to pursue Israel. What the Israelites said to Moses when they saw the dust of the approaching Egyptian chariots reveals their lack of faith in God. Exodus 14:10 As Pharaoh drew near, the sons of Israel looked, and behold, the Egyptians were marching after them, and they became very frightened; so the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord. 11 Then they said to Moses, “Is it because there were no graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? Why have you dealt with us in this way, bringing us out of Egypt? 12 Is this not the word that we spoke to you in Egypt, saying, ‘Leave us alone that we may serve the Egyptians’? For it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness.” This lack of faith in God would be repeated many times in the wilderness. Moses’ reply to them: Exodus 14:13 But Moses said to the people, “Do not fear! Stand by and see the salvation of the Lord which He will accomplish for you today; for the Egyptians whom you have seen today, you will never see them again forever. 14 The Lord will fight for you while you keep silent.” But then it is almost as if the Lord is telling Moses to quit talking and start doing something to save the people. Exodus 14:15 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Why are you crying out to Me? Tell the sons of Israel to go forward. 16 As for you, lift up your staff and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it, and the sons of Israel shall go through the midst of the sea on dry land. 17 As for Me, behold, I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they will go in after them; and I will be honored through Pharaoh and all his army, through his chariots and his horsemen. 18 Then the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord, when I am honored through Pharaoh, through his chariots and his horsemen.” You know what happened next. Moses parted the Red Sea, the Israelites crossed (it took all night while the angel of God kept the Egyptian army at bay), the Egyptians tried to cross and were drowned (was Pharoah drowned also?). Exodus 14:30 Thus the Lord saved Israel that day from the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore. 31 When Israel saw the great power which the Lord had used against the Egyptians, the people feared the Lord, and they believed in the Lord and in His servant Moses.” They sand the “song of Moses” praising the Lord (Yahweh) for their deliverance (chapter 15). Aaron and Moses’ sister Miriam sang, danced and praised God with timbrels. Hebrews 11:29 By faith they passed through the Red Sea as though they were passing through dry land; and the Egyptians, when they attempted it, were drowned.This would be a superficial, shallow belief in the Lord and Moses that would not last very long. Once they left the Red Sea they would continually complain and show lack of faith in God. After 3 days in the wilderness with no water, they grumbled at Marah when they found bitter water but Moses threw a tree in the waters and made them drinkable. This was just the beginning of their grumbling. They would complain for the next 40 years as God made them wander (Numbers 14).
Here is a map of where I think the crossing of the Red Sea occurred. It places Mt Sina east of the Red Sea (known as the Gulf of Aqaba today) instead of the traditional site west of the Gulf of Aqaba. Moses 40 years later would taked his sheep to Mt Sinai looking for pasture. That would fit the location of Mt Sinai in Midian (now Saudi Arabia) east of the Gulf. I can’t imagine him taking his sheep up to the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba and then southwest into the wilderness to the traditional Mt Sinai location in the middle of the wilderness, a journey of about 200 miles!. So I think the map is correct even though we don’t know the exact place of the crossing (although some have claimed to find evidence of the crossing in the Gulf of Aqaba). The Red Sea had to be deep enough to drown an army, so it couldn’t be the shallow “Sea of Reeds” (Yam Suph could refer to a shallow lake of reeds near the Nile) as liberals claim, trying to deny the miracle of the parting of the Red Sea.
Life Lesson: Teach your children the story of the Red Sea crossing and the exodus. This miraculous event is alluded to or mentioned over 20 times in the Old Testament including Psalm 66:6, Psalm 78:13, Psalm 106:9, Psalm 114:3, Psalm 136:13. Isaiah 11:15, Isaiah 51:10, and Isaiah 63:12–13. Psalm 78:13 He divided the sea and caused them to pass through, and He made the waters stand up like a heap. Psalm 106: 6 We have sinned like our fathers, We have committed iniquity, we have behaved wickedly. 7 Our fathers in Egypt did not understand Your wonders; They did not remember Your abundant kindnesses, But rebelled by the sea, at the Red Sea. 8 Nevertheless He saved them for the sake of His name, That He might make His power known. 9 Thus He rebuked the Red Sea and it dried up, And He led them through the deeps, as through the wilderness. 10 So He saved them from the hand of the one who hated them, And redeemed them from the hand of the enemy. 11 The waters covered their adversaries; Not one of them was left. 12 Then they believed His words; They sang His praise.” We must teach out children stories about the exodus, the crossing of the Red Sea, etc. These are not fairy tales or myths. They are real stories that show the awesome power of God.
Life Lesson: Have you ever been faced with a desperate situation where you see no escape, a “Red Sea”? Circumstances have become very dificult for you. Maybe cancer, divorce, financial problems, health, children problems. You’v just about given up on a way of escape. 1 Corinthians 10:13 No temptation has overtaken you but such as is common to man; and God is faithful, who will not allow you to be tempted beyond what you are able, but with the temptation will provide the way of escape also, so that you will be able to endure it.” A “way of escape”, just as God provided a way of escape for Israel from Pharoah’s army at the Red Sea. When you are desperate for a way of escape, “Stand by and see the salvation of the Lord which He will accomplish for you today.” God will in some way provide a way of escape, even if death itself might be the way to escape the pain and suffering of thhis life to be able to move on to the eternal joy in heaven (wherever that is). The Israelites panicked when they saw the dust of the approaching chariots of Pharoah. They did not have faith in God. I can’t tell you how many times I have had panic attacks b/c I didn’t have faith in God to rescue me from some desperate situation. I can’t sleep. I worry. I wake up thinking about some bad situation I am facing. I come up “what if’s” that might happen. God must be thinking, “How many times do I have to prove to you that I am with you and will provide and protect you?”
God had promised Abraham, “I will make you a great nation” (Genesis 12:2). He promised Abraham to give him the land of Canaan, the “promised land” (Genesis 15::18). But he also told Abraham, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a land that is not theirs, where they will be enslaved and oppressed four hundred years” (Genesis 15:13). What was this whole story of Joseph and Egypt about? Genesis 46:3 God told Jacob as he was about to bring his whole family to Egypt to see Joseph, “I am God, the God of your father; do not be afraid to go down to Egypt, for I will make you a great nation there. 4 I will go down with you to Egypt, and I will also surely bring you up again; and Joseph will close your eyes.” This was about God making a great nation from Jacob, whose name had been changed to “Israel” (i.e. the nation of Israel). Jacob was excited to see Joseph alive after thinking he was dead for 20 years, but he was also afraid. He is 130 years old and knows he doesn’t have many years to live. He would be moving to a land filled where Pharoah probably had over 1,000 chariots and Jacob has a history of being afraid. So God tells him not to be afraid. Have you ever made a major move to a new place that scared you? Maybe moving that first time into a dorm or an apartment at college, far away from home? Maybe moving to a new city on a new job? Were you afraid? My wife and I moved around a lot during our mission travels. I counted 11 moves that we made in a 10 year period when we were in our 20’s and early 30’s. We loaded my ’69 mustang and moved 300 miles from our house we had just bought to a school of preaching in Louisiana to live in a house trailer for 2 years. We got on a plane to fly 2,000 miles to the island of Trinidad in the West Indies to do mission work. I remember the fear I felt when we boarded that plane and I sat down in my seat. All the excitement of going was gone. All the supporters sending us off were left back at the departure gate, including all our parents. Now it was just fear of the unknown. Jacob was afraid of the move to Egypt, but God eased his fears. God had a plan. His family would not be slaves to begin with. They would live in Goshen, isolated as shepherds b/c the Egyptians did not like sheep and considered shepherds as “loathsome” (Genesis 46:34). Have you read of the range wars between cattle herders and sheep herders out west from 1870-1900? Cattle herders don’t like sheep b/c the sheep will eat all the grass right down to the root (cattle don’t). Another aspect of the providence of God to isolate Jacob’s family in Goshen for the next 400 years where they would not mix with the pagan Egyptians. They were not slaves at first. Joseph was about 40 when Jacob moved his family to Egypt, and Joseph died at 110. Exodus 1:6-11 says that they only became slaves at some point after Joseph died, so that means that Jacob’s descendants had at least 70 years of peace and prosperity in Egypt before they became slaves. What is this whole story about? God is making a great nation of Jacob, fulfilling the promise to Abraham. Jacob’s descendants will grow from 70 (Genesis 46:27) to maybe 2 million at the end of their stay in Egypt. They would never have grown that large in Canaan. This whole story of the providential working of God in the life of Joseph is about God making a great nation of Jacob (Israel).
Most of Genesis 46-50 is about the last 17 years of Jacob’s life spent in Egypt with Joseph. A couple of incidents stand out to me. 1) Joseph met Pharoah for the first time. Genesis 47:7 Then Joseph brought his father Jacob and presented him to Pharaoh; and Jacob blessed Pharaoh. 8 Pharaoh said to Jacob, “How many years have you lived?” 9 So Jacob said to Pharaoh, “The years of my sojourning are one hundred and thirty; few and unpleasant have been the years of my life, nor have they attained the years that my fathers lived during the days of their sojourning.” The Hebrew word for “unpleasant” is ra’: Evil, bad, wicked, harmful, unpleasant. So Joseph is using a really strong word to sum up his 130 years so far. I am 76 and can’t have many more years to live. If someone asked me to sum up my life, I hope I would not say my life has been “unpleasant” or miserable so far. And I wouldn’t say that. God as blessed me with many great years and memories. A few difficulties, but overall great and blessed. Why would Jacob say that his 130 years had been unpleasant? Let’s review his life: He lied to his father and steals Esau’s blessing, and fled his home in Canaan b/c. Esau was going to kill him. He was deceived and cheated by Laban for 20 years in Haran. He had a terrifying meeting with Esau at Penuel. He had a horrible incident at Shechem with the raping of Dinah, the vengeful acts of Simeon and Levi, and his fear that the Canaanites will all unite against him. He had many conflicts with the Philistines over wells that his men dug. His favorite wife Rachel, the only one he loved, died in childbirth (“to his sorrow, Genesis 48:7) as they arrived in Canaan after 20 years in Haran. He spent 20 years thinking his favorite son was dead, killed by an animal. He was terribly afraid of letting Benjamin go with the other brothers to Egypt and no doubt worried greatly while they were gone. I guess I can see why he said his years were “unpleasant”? But the main issue is that he spent most of those years “wrestling’ with God for control (which is what God was tellling him at Penuel). He spent his whole life trying to control his circumstances and get physical blessings by using his own cunning instead of trusting God, and it always led to disaster even though, as in Haran, God blessed him physically anyway.
Life Lesson: Look back at your life so far. Have you been letting God control your life, your decisions, your morals, your actions or have you tried to control evrything? Has your lack of trust in God’s control caused you to spend your years in fear and worry just like Jacob? I must admit that I have spent my life much like Jacob, in fear and worry and “what if’s”. Here’s a great image:
2) In Genesis 48, Jacob is sick, can’t see any longer, and is literally on his “dying bed”. He somehow finds the strength to “sit up in his bed” and call for Joseph’s two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, to be brought to him so he could bless them before he died. He elevated Joseph’s two sons to equal status as Jacob’s biological sons. That also explains why Ephraim and Manasseh are given land when the promised land is divided among the 12 tribes. The Levites get 48 cities but no large portion of land. Joseph is not one of the 12 land divisions but his two sons are. So technically the 12 tribes of Israel which included Ephraim and Manasseh are not the same as the 12 biological sons of Jacob (Israel). But what interests me is what he said as he blessed the two boys, “The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked, the God who has been my shepherd all my life to this day,the angel who has redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads” (Genesis 48:15-16). It seems as if on his dying bed he finally realizes that, in spite of wrestling with God most of his life for control, that God was his shepherd all along the way: protecting him, guiding him, rescuing him, providing for his physical needs, doing all the things a shepherd does for the sheep! He just seldom realized that. He was filled with worry and fear b/c he didn’t trust God as his shepherd. Contrast that with David in Psalm 23. David found great peace and courage b/c God was his shepherd even though he had his moment of fear and doubt. Jacob had very little peace in his life.
Life Lesson: I can look back at my life and see how God was my shepherd all along the way even when I didn’t realize it or when I didn’t turn to him for protection and guidance. Can you look back at your life and see that? But more importantly, what about your life now and in the future? Are you allowing God to be your shepherd? Are you trusting Him to guide, protect, and provide for your needs? Are you trusting the “good shepherd” Jesus to do the same? Does this verse resonate with you: 1 Peter 2:25 For you were continually straying like sheep, but now you have returned to the Shepherd and Guardian of your souls.” Jesus wants to be your shepherd. Will you let him?
Jacob’s story and life ends as he blesses his 12 sons before he dies. Most notably is the blessing to Judah: Genesis 49:10 “The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes”. Most interpret this as saying that the rightful kingly line of Israel down to Jesus (Shiloh) will come from the tribe of Judah. He charged his sons to bury him in the cave of Machpelah where Abraham, Sara, Isaac, Rebekah, and Leah (Rachel was buried near Bethlehem). Genesis 49:33 When Jacob finished charging his sons, he drew his feet into the bed and breathed his last, and was gathered to his people.” Hebrews 11:21 By faith Jacob, as he was dying, blessed each of the sons of Joseph, and worshiped, leaning on the top of his staff.” I find it interesting that the only moment of faith in Hebrews “hall of faith” is that moment as he was dying and worshipping God. He could finally let go of all his fears, worries, plotting, and planning. He could just praise God who had been his shepherd and be joined to his ancestors. I kinda look forward to that day myself when it is inevitable that I am going to die (if I am allowed that moment). I might still have a little fear of the unknown and of dying, but finally I will be able to quit worrying about all the “what if’s” that I dream up, quit being afraid of so many things, quit struggling with the flesh and evil thoughts. I can just relax and worship God and look forward to seeing my mom and dad again along with many others.
Read chapter 50. It was a marvelous, unparalleled funeral procession from Egypt to Canaan. Joseph and his brothers buried Jacob in the cave of Machpelah. When they returned to Egypt, Joseph’s brothers were afraid that Joseph would retract his forgiveness of them now that their father was dead. Genesis 50:19 But Joseph said to them, “Do not be afraid, for am I in God’s place? 20 As for you, you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good in order to bring about this present result, to preserve many people alive.” Joseph is still confident that his whole story is about the providence of God in saving Jacob’s family and making a great nation from Jacob. The next book of the Bible, Exodus, will fast forward for a couple of hundred years.
This should be a lot shorter than past blogs. You can read the chapters and get most of the details. We all know Pharoah’s two dreams: the fat cows that came up first, then the skinny cows came up and ate the fat cows. The same with the 7 full ears of grain followed by 7 withered ears that ate the full ears. We need to notice that Joseph gives full credit to God, not himself, for interpeting Pharoah’s dreams. He constantly says that God is the one who will cause the 7 years of plenty followed by 7 years of famine. Giving credit to God is typical of the character and integrity of Joseph. So Genesis 41:39 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has informed you of all this, there is no one so discerning and wise as you are. 40 You shall be over my house, and according to your command all my people shall do homage; only in the throne I will be greater than you.” 41 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “See, I have set you over all the land of Egypt.” Joseph then set about with a plan to store excess grain during the 7 years of plenty and then sell it to people all over suffering from the 7 years of famine. BTW Joseph is 30 when he stood before Pharoah 41:46. He was 17 when his brothers sold him to a caravan. He spent 2 years in prison false accused by Potiphar’s wife. The restored butler forgot Joseph for 2 years so that means he spend 4 years total in prison. That means he spent about 9 years as a slave in Potiphar’s house. That’s longer than I thought!
I’m not going to give all the details of Joseph’s brothers two trips to Egypt to buy food. That’s fairly easy, plain reading. I am going. to focus on chapter 45. Joseph is moved to tears as he hears Judah make a very passionate appeal to Joseph not to keep Benjamin in Egypt. Judah said that would kill Jacob, their father. He offered to take Benjamin’s place and stay in Egypt as a slave if Joseph would let Benjamin go back to his father in Canaan. Joseph heard that plea and realized that that his brothers had changed. Joseph wept so loudly that Pharoah’s household heard him weeping. He then revealed to his brothers that he was Joseph. He then said, “Genesis 45:5 Now do not be grieved or angry with yourselves, because you sold me here, for God sent me before you to preserve life. 6 For the famine has been in the land these two years, and there are still five years in which there will be neither plowing nor harvesting. 7 God sent me before you to preserve for you a remnant in the earth, and to keep you alive by a great deliverance. 8 Now, therefore, it was not you who sent me here, but God; and He has made me a father to Pharaoh and lord of all his household and ruler over all the land of Egypt.” We could call this an epiphany (a sudden moment of clear understanding or a great realization). It finally dawned on him that everything that had happened was part of God’s providential working to get Jacob’s family to move to Egypt where they would end up enslaved but multiplying to over a million people so that God’s promises in Genesis 15 could come true, i.e. that Abraham’s descendants would be slaves for 400 years and then come out to go possess the promised land of Canaan. They would never have grown so much if they had stayed in Canaan. Joseph told his brothers that it wasn’t them that sent him to Egypt: it was God. It actually was his brothers who sold him into slavery in Egypt but was in control of making that happen. We don’t know how God works behind the scenes to make His plans happen. He uses the free will choices of people but He also directs circumstances to make things happen. Joseph forgave his brothers and they had a tearful but joyous reunion. Joseph, with Pharoah’s help and wagons, had Jacob moved from Canaan to Egypt, about 75 people.
Life Lesson: When bad things happen, you never know what good things God might make happen out of the bad. You have to trust God. Romans 8:28 God causes all things to work together for good to those who love him. That’s called the “behind the scenes providential working of God. It’s a mixture of God allowing people to make good and bad choices but sill making things work out like He wants them to. Usually there are no Bible miracles involved. The story of Joseph and the story of Esther are ttwo great examples of the providence of God working. The book of Esther doesn’t even have the name of God in it, but the hand of God is seen throughout the book and the events in the book. I will close with my example. I have only been fired once in my 76 years. It wasn’t for anything bad I had done. The elders where I was preaching just decided to tell me to move on since I had been telling them that I was probably going to take another job in Huntsville at Madison Academy when it came open. But they did fire me. It was very rough making the move to Huntsville. I took a 50% cut in pay to come to Madison Academy and my wife lost her new, very good paying teacher job in Vernon Alabama. But God blessed us, my wife found a good job, and I became principal of the school a year later which doubled my pay. I also started preaching part time with a church in Huntsville. But the greatest blessing of getting fired was my 3 children finding their mates in Huntsville over the next few years after we moved. I truly believe that God was working to get us to Huntsville. I believe that He was behind our firing. He did not make the elders fire me. They did so on their own, but God somehow influenced them to make that decision. Before they fired me, I had just decided to not move to Huntsville, but after they fired me I had no choice since I no longer had the preaching job in Vernon. That was rough on us at the time, but I look back and it was one of the best things that has ever happened to my family. Do you have a story of God working in your life? Of God making bad things work for good? Have you ever had an epiphany like Joseph did and it just hit you that God had been working all along even though you didn’t realize it?
I like outlines of books. Seldom does a book of the Bible actually give an outline for that specific book, but Genesis does.
Each part of the outline begins “These are the records of the generations of …” as in Genesis 36:9 “These are the records of the generations of Esau” and then 37:1 “These are the records of the generations of Jacob”. It is interesting that Abraham, a main character in Genesis, does not have his own “generations of Abraham”. Instead, he is included in the “generations of Terah” (his father). Likewise, Joseph has 13 chapters (Genesis 3-50) devoted to his life, but does not have have his own “generations of Joseph”. Instead he is included in “the generations of Jacob” (his father). But Ishmael, Abraham’s son by Hagar, has his own “These are the records of the generations of Ishmael” in Genesis 25:12 which would not seem important to the Jews since Isaac, born to Sarah, was the son of the promises to Abraham and not Ishmael. But both Ishmael and Esau had many powerful and important descendants. Esau has his own chapter of generations (chapter 36).The Arabs come from Ishmael. The Edomites descended from Esau. The Edomites played a complex role in the history of Israel. They refused to allow Israel to pass through their territory as Israel was making their way to Canaan. The Edomites cheered and plundered Jerusalem when Babylon destroyed Jerusalem in 586 BC. The short one chapter book of the prophet Obadiah is a prediction about the destruction of Edom b/c of “violence done to your brother Jacob”, b/c they took part in plundering and “looting” Jerusalem when it fell, b/c they “gloated and rejoiced” over the fall of Jerusalem, b/c they killed or imprisoned fugitives trying to escape from the city when it fell. Obadiah mentions their arrogance: they live in mountain ranges like Petra where they felt no enemy could defeat them. AI: “the ancient city of Petra in Jordan appears in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989). Harrison Ford and Sean Connery’s characters travel through the narrow gorge (the Siq) and arrive at the Treasury where the holy grail is during the final sequence of the film.” The Edomites grew rich and proud from controlling trade routes that passed through Edom. But Obadiah predicted the destruction of Edom and the house of Esau. That prophecy was fulfilled by the time of the Romans when Edom no longer existed as a separate people. The only survivors were living in Idumea, not Edom, and were called Idumeans. Herod the Great who ruled Judea was an Idumean appointed by the Romans as king. More than you wanted to know about Edom, maybe, but Genesis 36 and the book of Obadiah show the importance of Edom and the descendants of Esau in the Bible.
Moving on to Genesis 37:2 “these are the records of the generations of Jacob”. The life of Jacob was already told in Genesis 25-36, so this last section of generations in the Genesis outline is really mainly about Joseph and the other sons of Jacob, along with Jacob, moving to Egypt during the famine. Jacob committed favoritism, just as his parents Isaac and Rebekah had done with him and his brother Esau, by loving Joseph more than his other sons. Joseph was the son of his favorite wife Rachel. It caused his brothers to hate him and sell him to a caravan going to Egypt. Joseph even contributed to their hatred by telling them of his dreams of the brothers, even including Jacob and Rachel, bowing down to Joseph. Why tell that dream to your brothers who already hate you and are jealous of you? Did Joseph have a little bit of an “attitude”, “better than his brothers”? Joesph was given special privileges. The brothers were out shepherding the flocks, but not Joseph. He was back with Jacob who sent him to check up on his brothers who have moved the sheep to Dothan, about 65 miles north of where they all lived in Hebron. So shepherding and finding pasture for large flocks all over Canaan would have been hard work that Joseph (and probably Benjamin, Jacob’s other favorite son by his wife Rachel) were exempt from that hard work. Jacob made Joseph a “coat of many colors” which made his brothers hate him even more. Stop and youtube Dolly Parton’s song, “Coat of many colors”. Her mother sowed her a coat from rags, inspired by the Bible story of Joseph’s coat of many colors. So when he found his brothers, they put him in a pit and eventually sold him to the caravan going to Egypt. They dipped his coat in animal blood and showed it to Jacob, saying an animal had killed Joseph. Jacob was very grieved. He would believe that Joseph was dead for the next 22 years before he was reunited with Joseph in Egypt. Life Lesson: Be thankful if you have never been involved in some type of family conflict among siblings or parents! Many of us have and it is a miserable thing to deal with. Joseph and his brothers will end up in a happy reunion 22 years later, but many sibling and family conflicts don’t end up in happy reunions. They end up with hatred and bitterness, accusing each other of wrong doing, squabbling over family inheritance, one sibling having to care for aging parents while the other siblings just give lip service. If you do have such family conflicts, try to be the peacemaker. You may end up being the responsible sibling who does more work and sacrifices more than the others, but God will reward you for your integrity and your sense of responsibility.
Then we come to one of the strangest chapters in the Bible, Genesis 38. Right in the middle of telling about Joseph’s childhood and being sold into slavery in Genesis 37 and his being a slave to Potiphar in Egypt in Genesis 39 is a totally unrelated chapter about a sordid affair in Genesis 38. Read it for the details. Judah, Jacob’s son who is in the seed line of the rightful kings of Judah down to Jesus, unknowingly goes to a prostitute who is his daughter in law Tamar. Tamar married one of Judah’s sons but that son died without a child, so the other two brothers were supposed to take her as wife and bear a child for their deceased brother. This was called the Levirate marriage law and is found in Deuteronomy 25:5-10. The 2nd son refused to put his seed in Tamar and was killed. The 3rd son was still too young, so Judah promised that later he would give that 3rd son to Tamar to bear a child for the deceased brother, but as the 3rd son grew older, Judah failed to keep his promise and failed to obey the Levirate marriage law. He probably knew that his 3rd son was evil like the first two sons and was afraid the 3rd son would disobey and be killed also. Did Tamar know that Judah was prone to visit prostitutes? She dressed up as a temple prostitute and Judah had sex with her, promising to pay her with a goat. He gave her his ring as collateral. But Judah’s friend was sent to give her the goat and recover Judah’s ring but the prostitute (Tamar) was nowhere to be found. Judah discontinues the search for Tamar and his ring, and hopes no one will find out about the sordid affair, making him a “laughingstock”. 3 months later they bring Tamar to Judah b/c she is pregnant, saying she had committed prostitution. Judah said, “Let her be burned”. Burning someone was a capital punishment used for certain crimes in the Old Testament, like a man marrying both a woman and her mother (Leviticus 20:14) or like the burning of Achan for taking forbidden items from Jericho (Joshua 7). Perhaps the victim was killed first and then his/her body burned. As they were carrying her out to be burned, she basically says, “BTW Here is the ring of the man who got me pregnant if you want to track him down and punish him also”. Can you imagine the startled look on Judah’s face as he looks at his own ring that he had given Tamar after having sex with her? The guilt, the shame, the embarrassment, the exposure of his self righteous conviction of Tamar. Can you imagine the startled look on the faces of those who were carrying Tamar out when they realized Judah had gotten his own daughter in law pregnant while she was posing as a temple prostitute? Can you imagine the shock of Judah’s friend, the Adullamite, whom Jacob sent to take Tamar the goat and retrieve his ring? I guess that friend knew Judah had been to a prostitute, which was a sin, but did not know that the woman posing as a prostitute was Tamar. Tamar was not burned, but instead had twins, Perez and Zerah. But the most unusual thing about this sordid affair is that Perez is in the seed line of Jesus. Perez will be the great grandfather of King David! Life Lesson: Don’t judge people based on their family history. I wonder if anyone mocked Perez as he was growing up, knowing that he was the illegitimate “bastard” son of the noble Judah and his daughter in law Tamar. Leviticus 18:15 states directly: “Do not have sexual relations with your daughter-in-law; she is your son’s wife, so you must not have sexual relations with her”. Leviticus 20:12 reinforces this rule, stating that if a man has sexual relations with his daughter-in-law, both of them must be put to death because it is a perversion.” The Law of Moses had not yet been given at the time of Judah, but this would still have been a terrible sin. But this wasn’t the fault of Perez. Often you see children of bad, immoral people. The children might have a rough upbringing with sinful, irresponsible parents. They might end up considered to be “bad” kids and looked down on by outsiders. But you never know what all those “bad” children have gone through. Don’t judge the kids by their family history. We would like to think that Perez handled people knowing about his shameful birth well. Maybe that is why he was chosen to be in the seed line of Jesus instead of Zerah. It had looked like Zerah was coming out of Tamar’s womb first (the midwife put a scarlet thread on Zerah’s hand as his hand first emerged but then his hand drew back and Perez came out first, making him the firstborn). Maybe God knew Perez could handle his family’s sordid history better than Zerah? Surely you have seen that where two siblings from bad parenting and shameful births react totally different to their bad family history. One learns from it and uses it to be a better person than his/her parents. The other lets the family history make him a victim of self pity all his life.
Genesis 39 and 40 tell about Joseph being a slave to Potiphar in Egypt and being imprisoned falsely b/c Potiphar’s wife falsely accused him of trying to rape her when it was really she who was trying to seduce Joseph. The thing we admire about Joseph is his integrity and character. He could have just become another miserable slave, wallowing in self pity. Instead he was such a loyal and responsible slave to Potiphar that he was put in charge of everything Potiphar had. He had moral integrity. They say, “integrity is doing what is right when no one is looking”. Surely it was tempting for Joseph to have sex with Potiphar’ wife. He perhaps had never had sex with a woman. He wouldn’t want to risk causing her to become angry with him by rejecting her advances, would he? Surely they could keep it a secret affair and Potiphar never find out? But Joseph “just said no”. He apparently had his convictions on not having sex out side of marriage. He told her, “No, I won’t sin against my master and against my God”. “Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned” did not come from Shakespeare. The phrase comes from the English playwright William Congreve in his 1697 play The Mourning Bride. But wherever it originated, it fits Joseph’s predicament. She lies to Potiphar and has Joseph thrown in prison unjustly. Life Lesson: Stats say that 25% of marriages have some adulterous affair. AI: “When emotional affairs, online connections, and sexting are included, rates jump to roughly 45% for men and 35% for women. Many couples report that emotional cheating can hurt a relationship just as much as a physical affair.” Paul said that fornicators and adulterers will not inherit the kingdom of God (1 Corinthians 6:9,10). He then added, “6:18 Flee immorality. Every other sin that a man commits is outside the body, but the immoral man sins against his own body. 19 Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit who is in you, whom you have from God, and that you are not your own? 20 For you have been bought with a price: therefore glorify God in your body.” Joseph literally “fled” from Potiphar’s wife, leaving his garment in her hand. To resist fornication (sex outside of marriage) or adultery (sex with a marriage involved) requires that a person has conviction about his sexual boundaries, about how far he/she will go sexually in a relationship. He/she already has his/her mind made up and is ready to say “no” when temptation arises or when he/she is being pressured into having sex. He/she is ready to “flee”. Some good advice: Avoid places or times with close contact where you will be tempted. Promptly just leave a place when you see where it is headed sexually. Don’t give in to lines like “if you loved me then you would have sex with me”. Avoid flirtatious friendships at work that can lead to emotional infidelity. Certainly avoid pornographic literature or videos that can pollute your mind. If you are still young and dating, do group dating so that you won’t find yourself in isolated, tempting or pressured situations. Think about the horrible conseqences to your family if you cheated on your mate. Would an affair be worth the damage it would cause? Get in the word and study passaages about sexual purity.
But again instead of wallowing in self pity in prison, it says that Joseph was such a responsible prisoner that the chief jailor put him in charge of all the other prisoners. Many times people in prison just want to talk about how unfairly they were treated or that they were innocent of charges. They talk about the inequity of their harsh, lengthy prison sentences as opposed to prison sentence given to the rich. They talk about racism being part of prison sentences. Not Joseph. His character is seen as he just sets about to be the best prisoner he can be. Several times it says “The Lord was with Joseph and prospered Joseph”, both in Potiphar’s house and in prison, showing how God rewards integrity and character. Life Lesson: I have a friend who spent 25 years in prison for committing murder. He never once said he was innocent or that he got an unfair prison sentence (he got “life” but not “life without parole”). He had no money so that didn’t help in his legal representation, but he never complained. I would talk to him once a month for 25 years. I baptized him while he was in local jail waiting on his trial. We studied the Bible once a week. We studied a lot of Old Testament history just like the past few weeks of our study. In prison, he spent his time studying the Bible and trying to convert other prisoners. He had his depressed times, but usually we talked about people he was trying to help. Finally after 25 years and 2 or 3 “parole denied” hearings, he was released on parole and is still on parole. But the Lord rewarded him for his integrity and character. He has held a steady job and gone to church regularly since his release. His faith is still strong and he helps others. Not all prisoners released do as well as my friend. The stats say 70% of prisoners released end up back in prison within 5 to 9 years after release. Prison ministry is a difficult one with many failures. But that doesn’t mean that there is not someone who is like my friend, who is part of the 30 % who do not end up back in prison. If released prisoners have the integrity and character of Joseph, they can live successful lives in spite of their past history and crimes. Don’t judge someone when you find out they have been in prison before. It might just be like my friend.
Finally, chapter 40 tells about Joseph interpreting the dreams of two fellow prisoners that leads to the release and restoration to his job of Pharoah’s butler and the beheading of Pharoah’s baker. The sad part about this is that Joseph asked the butler to remember him after he will be released. The butler was restored to his position and could have helped Joseph get out of prison a lot earlier than the did but the butler forgot Joesph and what Joseph had done for him. Life Lesson: Have you ever helped someone and just asked them to remember you in the future if you need their help- but they forgot you? Someone said, “I’m tired of people just remembering me when they need help”. They never call me or socialize with me, but then out of the blue they call me wanting help in some way. They never call you or contact you unless they need something. Do you ever feel like people are “using you” to get what they want? They don’t really appreciate your friendship or what you have done for them. They seldom thank you or show appreciation. That’s ok. Find new friends who are loyal to you. Two great verses to close with: Proverbs 18:24: This verse warns against fake companions and highlights that a real friend sticks closer than a brother. Proverbs 17:17: This verse explains that a true friend loves at all times and is born to help during times of distress.
This has been long but there is so much to discuss in Genesis, especially doing 5 chapters at a time. I hope you are keeping up with the daily reading. Sept 3 will be Genesis 41-45 and Joseph’s time in Egypt.
Again, each day 5 chapters and comments. For Sept 1, read Genesis 31-35. Here is the map of Jacob’s journey from Beersheba to Haran and back to Canaan. You can trace his journey by key places on the map, even number them if you wish.
BEERSHEBA. He begins in Beersheba when he steal the blessing that Isaac intended to give to Esau. He flees from Esau’ plan to kill him, going to Haran supposedly to get a godly wife but really to escape Esau.
BETHEL He leaves Beersheba at the age of 77. His first night away from being protected by his mama Rebekah, he dreams of the ladder to heaven and names the place, Bethel, “house of God”, sensing God’s presence there.
HARAN. He spends the next 20 years working for Laban who is a bigger con man than Jacob ever was. But God blesses him and after the 20 years he ends up with 11 sons, 1 daughter, and much wealth. But he only has one wife that he loves, i.e. Rachel, and his favorite son is the son born to Rachel, i.e. Joseph.
GILEAD. (Genesis 31) After 20 years working for Laban, Jacob observes that Laban’s attitude has become hostile to Jacob. Why has Laban become so hostile toward Jacob? The reason is that during those last 6 years of the 20 years, Jacob worked for Laban, paid with sheep. Laban would say that Jacob’s pay was all the speckled sheep born that year, which would only be a few, but God would make there be many, many speckled born. Laban would then get mad and change Jacob’s wages to the spotted ones born, but God would multiply the spotted ones born. Laban would change his wages again, etc. for 10 times in 6 years. By the end of the 6 years Laban is very angry with Jacob. God then told Jacob to return with his family and flocks to Canaan where he began his journey 20 years earlier. Jacob tells his wives and they agree, sensing that Laban has nothing to give them as an inheritance. It is interesting to note that Jacob, while trying to outsmart Laban (read how Jacob used tree “rods” to try to induce a certain type of sheep born and stronger sheep in Genesis 30:37-43), it seems that Jacob has finally realized that it was God who made him wealthy and not his own cunning. He told Rachel and Leah, “God has been with me”, “God did not allow Laban to hurt me”, and “God took away Laban’s flocks and gave them to me”. I consider this to be an important step in Jacob’s spiritual growth. Laban deceived, lied to, and cheated Jacob for 20 years but God kept Jacob safe and made him wealthy. Jacob and his family, servants, and animals flee Haran without telling Laban. When Laban discovers their departure, he is furious. He chases Jacob down for 7 days, catching him at the hill country of Gilead. God warned Laban not to hurt Jacob. An interesting side note is that Rachel had stolen Laban’s household god idols and hidden them on her camel. That means that Rachel apparently has some reverence for the foreign gods of Laban. Laban doesn’t find the idols. He and Jacob made a treaty to not hurt each other and Laban goes back to Haran. Again, Jacob gives God the credit for his wealth and protection from Laban (31:42). They name the place of their peace covenant Gilead or Mizpah. Life lesson: Have you ever been through a real tough time in your life? You tried to use your own cunning and ingenuity to handle things but felt frustrated the whole time? But then, somehow, later there was a break through and things changed and got better without your help? You then realized that it was God blessing you even during the tough times? That’s how God works some times!
MAHANAIIM. (Genesis 32:1-2) Find it on the map. The angels meet him and he names the place “Mahanaim” which means “two camps” (i.e. his camp and the camp of angels). Another step in Jacob’s spiritual growth? He realizes when he meets those angels that God will protect him with his angels wherever he goes? Unfortunately, that doesn’t keep him from being terrified at the next stop in Penuel. Life lesson: God’s angels are protecting us at all times but we don’t always see them.
PENUEL (Genesis 32:3-33:17) Find it. Panic! Jacob learns that Esau is headed toward him with 400 men. The last time he saw Esau, Esau (say that fast) was planning to kill Jacob (20 years earlier). He was “greatly afraid and distressed” (32:7). He resorted to his own cunning instead of trusting God. He devised a plan for Rachel and Joseph to escape if Esau kills his less favorite sons and Leah. I assume he would escape with them. He tries to bribe his way out by offering Esau animals. Pretty cowardly, but typical of Jacob. That night a man wrestles with Jacob all night but neither prevail. In the morning, the man touches Jacob’s thigh and dislocates it. An interesting trait of Jacob follows. You would think that Jacob would gladly let the man go after the man dislocates his thigh by just touching him. I mean, if the man could do that, then he could have done that the first 5 minutes of the wrestling match. If the man was that powerful, then why would he still keep him in your grasp after he dislocates your thigh? But Jacob would not let the man go unless the man blessed him. He must have realized that this was not an ordinary man, but was God himself who had taken the form of a man just to wrestle with Jacob. For all his faults, Jacob seems to realize that all blessings come from God and therefore he wants more blessings from God. The man changes Jacob’s name to “Israel”, which means “he who strives or wrestles with God”. Jacob names the place “Penuel”, which means “face of God”. He felt he had seen and wrestled with God himself, but that God had not killed him so God must have bigger plans for Jacob. This idea that Jacob wrestled with God seems to fit Jacob’s whole life. He had always tried to control things and get blessings by his own cunning and ingenuity. He had wrestled with God for control of his life instead of giving God complete control. Life Lesson: Does anyone reading this relate to that? I know I do. I have always tried to control things instead of giving complete control to God. Usually I am pretty successful, but often I realize that I have not let God have complete control. Often I make a mess of things by not submitting to God.
The next day when Esau came, Esau hugged him and kissed him and they both wept! Esau was the redneck who could threaten to kill you one day and have a friendly beer with you the next day! God had blessed Esau with wealth to compensate for what Jacob took from him. Jacob made an amazing statement: “I see your face as one sees the face of God” (33:10) and you have received me favorably (i.e. forgiven me). Perhaps Jacob had felt guilty over the years for the way he stole from and took advantage of Esau. Perhaps he wondered if God would ever forgive him of that wrong he had done. But when Esau forgave him, that was like looking at the face of God and God saying, “Jacob, I forgive you for what you did to Esau”. Life lesson: Have you ever struggled to forgive yourself for wrongs you have done to others? God will forgive you. Have you ever struggled with fear and panic attacks facings some danger or bad situation? Sometimes, God uses someone like Esau to ease your fears. I had that happen to me one time. I was about to have a nervous breakdown over an issue I was dealing with. A friend took me to a legal expert and that man told me, “you have nothing to worry about, we “got your back”, get back to using your gifts for God and quit worrying and being afraid”. That man telling me that allowed me to sleep that night (I had been getting about an hour of sleep every night and waking up worrying and my mind racing). I saw the face of God in that man who helped me. I should have seen the face of God a month earlier and trusted God and found peace of mind, but I just couldn’t do it. I needed that man’s help and I think God used him like God used Esau to help Jacob see God’s forgiveness for Jacob. Does any of that resonate with you?
SUCCOTH. (Genesis 33:17) Find it on the map. Jacob then goes to Succoth, just east of the Jordan River and close to Canaan. Apparently he planned to stay there for an extended period b/c he built a house. Many think he stayed about a year there. Why didn’t he just cross the Jordan River and just go on over into Canaan? We don’t know, but perhaps what happened at Shechem when he did cross the Jordan gives an indication of his reluctance to cross the Jordan. We must remember that there were many powerful armies in Canaan. Jacob might have been afraid to cross over?
SHECHEM. (Genesis 33:18-34:31) Find it. After leaving Succoth, Jacob camped near Shechem. Shechem was a well developed fortified urban center with massive walls, inhabited by Canaanite people with polytheistic practices. Leah’s daughter Dinah visited the city (we don’t know why?) and was raped by a man named Shechem who said he loved her and wanted to marry her. Jacob’s usual cowardice shows up and he does nothing to correct the wrong done to his daughter Dinah. But two of her biological brothers (all born to Leah) were angry. They devised a plan. They got the men of Shechem to agree to all be circumcised so they could marry the “daughters” in Jacob’s family. Again, we hear nothing from Jacob. But the 3rd day after they Shechemites are all circumcised and completely incapacitated by the “surgery”, Simeon and Levi go in the city and kill all the men. They rescued Dinah from the house of Shechem and killed him, and Jacob’s other sons looted the city completely. Jacob’s reaction? He was only concerned that what Simeon and Levi had done would unite the other Canaanites to attack him. Again, Jacob’s cowardice and lack of trust in God pops up. How could any father be so passive if his daughter gets raped and do nothing? I know I would be tempted to take the law into my own hands if that happened to one of my two daughters (which would be wrong to do of course). God could have righted this wrong done to Dinah without this deceptive and cruel plan of Simeon and Levi. Life Lesson: Rape is one of the most degrading, horrible crimes ever. We have to wonder how Dinah handled this whole incident later. Do you know of someone who has had to deal with a rape incident? Was justice served?
BETHEL (Genesis 35) Find it. God told Jacob to move on to Bethel and make an altar. Do you remember Bethel, “house of God” where he spent his first night after leaving Beersheba to flee to Haran at the age of 77? He is about 97 years old when he returned to Bethel. His journey has made “full circle”. To his credit, another step in spiritual growth. He makes an altar at Bethel, makes his family give up their foreign gods idols, and said, “God answered me in the day of my distress and has been with me wherever I have gone.” Jacob has come a long way, distance wise and spiritually also. God takes care of his fears as the people of Canaan have apparently heard of the ruthlessness of Jacob’s sons and are afraid of Jacob, which is just the opposite reaction to what Jacob had feared. At Bethel, God reaffirmed Jacob’s name change to Israel and his promises of a nation and land. Life Lesson: Do you have a “Bethel” in your life, a place and time when you finally decided to put way your idols and totally trust in God like you never had before? Where you realized that you had been on a long journey with God and finally arrived at a more trusting relationship with God? Share that with others.
BETHLEHEM. (Genesis 35:16-21) Leaving Bethel, on the way to Bethlehem, Rachel died giving birth to Benjamin. Rachel’s two sons, Joseph and Benjamin, would become Jacob’s favorite sons which cause a lot of problems later. Jacob would stay in Canaan 33 years after returning to Canaan.
HEBRON (Genesis 35:21-29) Find it. This is where he found his father Isaac whom he had not seen for 20 years. Isaac was 137 years old when Jacob left for Haran. He was about 157 when Jacob came to Hebron. He died at the age of 180. So Jacob would have been able to spend about 20 years with Isaac at Hebron before Isaac died. You have to wonder what that was like. Did Isaac see a changed person in Jacob after he returned from Haran? Did he see a more mature spiritual man than the deceptive, cunning, lying son that Jacob was before he left for Haran? Did Jacob ever apologize to his father for lying and deceiving him when he stole the blessing from Esau? Was Jacob’s mother Rebekah still alive when Jacob returned to Hebron to live with Isaac? She is never mentioned in Genesis after she sent Jacob off to Haran so some assume that she died while he was in Haran. Genesis 49:31 tells us that she was buried in the cave of Machpelah but we don’t know when she died. It is interesting that Jacob and Esau join together to bury their father Isaac. Esau had settled in Edom, which is southeast of the Dead Sea. I wonder what that reunion was like when they buried their father. Did Jacob and Esau ever see each other again after that? Life Lesson: God can reconcile broken family relationships like that of Jacob and Esau.
Jacob would be 130 when he moved to Egypt so he spent 33 years in Canaan. His journey will not be totally complete until he spends his last 17 years in Egypt and meets Pharoah, but we will save that for later. I hope you keep up with the daily reading and maybe even read these blog article that go along with each reading. This could be a great plan for personal or small group Bible study on a daily basis.
1 Then Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil. 2 And after He had fasted for forty days and forty nights, He then became hungry. 3 And the tempter came and said to Him, “If You are the Son of God, command that these stones become bread.” 4 But He answered and said, “It is written: ‘Man shall not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes out of the mouth of God.’”
5 Then the devil *took Him along into the holy city and had Him stand on the pinnacle of the temple, 6 and he *said to Him, “If You are the Son of God, throw Yourself down; for it is written:‘He will give His angels orders concerning You’; and ‘On their hands they will lift You up,So that You do not strike Your foot against a stone.’” 7 Jesus said to him, “On the other hand, it is written: ‘You shall not put the Lord your God to the test.’”
8 Again, the devil *took Him along to a very high mountain and *showed Him all the kingdoms of the world and their glory; 9 and he said to Him, “All these things I will give You, if You fall down and worship me.” 10 Then Jesus *said to him, “Go away, Satan! For it is written: ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and serve Him only.’” 11 Then the devil *left Him; and behold, angels came and began to serve Him.(NASB)
How long after his baptism was Jesus tempted in the wilderness? Most say it was immediately after his baptism.
Why did the Spirit lead him to the wilderness to be tempted? Fasting 40 days is one things, but this was to be tempted and even worst, tempted by the devil. God and the Spirit are going to allow Satan to tempt Jesus. Does this remind you of Job?
AI: “The Holy Spirit led Jesus into the wilderness to be tempted to publicly demonstrate His sinless nature, fulfill the typological mission of Israel, and prepare Him for His redemptive ministry.
The primary theological reasons for this event include:
Overcoming Where Israel Failed: The 40 days in the wilderness parallel Israel’s 40 years of wandering. While ancient Israel succumbed to temptation and failed God, Jesus triumphed over the exact same tests through perfect obedience.
Equipping as Our High Priest: By experiencing and resisting human temptation, Jesus became a compassionate and sympathetic High Priest who understands human suffering and weakness.
Revealing Satan’s Tactics: The temptations exposed the core categories of worldly temptation—physical desire, pride, and the desire for power—and provided a model for how humans can resist them using scripture.
Validating His Messiahship: In his weakest physical state, Jesus confirmed His true identity as the Son of God, choosing the path of the Suffering Servant over a path of worldly glory or easy miracles.”
But isn’t this a case of God tempting someone which James 1 says He does not do? Answer: It was the devil tempting Jesus, not God. But it was God and His Spirit that led him into the wilderness to be tempted. The Greek word is peirazó: To test, to tempt, to try, to examine. So it can mean tempt or test. The problem is James 1:13 No one is to say when he is tempted, “I am being tempted by God”; for God cannot be tempted by evil, and He Himself does not tempt anyone. 14 But each one is tempted when he is carried away and enticed by his own lust. 15 Then when lust has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it has run its course, brings forth death. But then Hebrews 11:17 By faith Abraham, when he was tested (peirazó), offered up Isaac, and the one who had received the promises was offering up his only son. Then Genesis 22:1 Now it came about after these things, that God tested Abraham. The Hebrew word is nasah: To test, to try, to prove, to tempt (the equivalent of peirazo in Greek). So God does test people, even tempt them. How do we reconcile James 1:13,14?
AI: “To reconcile these verses, we must distinguish between two different meanings of the word “tempt” in the Bible:outward testing (designed to prove and strengthen faith) and inward temptation (an enticement to commit sin).
The passages present two different concepts:
1. James 1:13-14: Inward Temptation to Sin
In James, the Greek word for “tempt” is peirazō, which here means to entice or lure into committing evil. James states clearly that God does not tempt anyone this way. Instead, sin originates from our own internal desires. God is holy, untemptable, and never entices His children to do wrong.
In Genesis and Hebrews, the word translated as “tempt” or “test” means to evaluate, examine, or prove something. The purpose of God “testing” Abraham was not to make him sin, but to provide an opportunity for Abraham to demonstrate and strengthen his obedience and trust in God.
The Core Difference:
Temptation (James 1): Designed to cause failure and lead to moral downfall. Originates from our own flesh, not from God.
Testing (Genesis 22 / Hebrews 11): Designed to bring out the best and lead to spiritual growth. Originates from God.”
But then what does 1 Corinthians 10:13 No temptation (peirasmos: Temptation, trial, testing) has overtaken you except something common to mankind; and God is faithful, so He will not allow you to be tempted beyond what you are able, but with the temptation (peirazó: To test, to tempt, to try, to examine) will provide the way of escape also, so that you will be able to endure it.” Is this saying that God will never allow you or cause you to face a trial or temptation that you will fail? If so, God is not doing a very good job b/c we do fail tests often. It is saying that your trials or testing is common to all and that if you will control your lusts you can overcome or endure trials without giving in to your lusts and sinning. Even if you fail, you can get stronger from your failure. The context of 1 Corinthians 10 is the Israelites in the 40 years in the wilderness: they craved, grumbled, lusted and committed sexual immorality, etc and they fell from grace! But they could have endured their trials if they had controlled their lusts. Even then, their are times when we just can’t find the strength to endure. 2 Corinthians 1:8 For we do not want you to be unaware, brothers and sisters, of our affliction which occurred in Asia, that we were burdened excessively, beyond our strength, so that we despaired even of life.” Deuteronomy 8:2 And you shall remember all the way which the Lord your God has led you in the wilderness these forty years, in order to humble you, putting you to the test, to know what was in your heart, whether you would keep His commandments or not.” God did test them the 40 years but he did not cause them to give in to their lusts and sin. Peter failed but came back stronger: Luke 22:31 “Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has demanded to sift you men like wheat; 32 but I have prayed for you, that your faith will not fail; and you, when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”
What are the 3 general areas of lusts that Jesus was tempted in? The lust of the eye the lust of the flesh, and the pride of life.
1 John 2:16 For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the boastful pride of life, is not from the Father, but is from the world.”
Turn stones to bread = lust of the flesh. After 40 days without food, this had to be a real temptation for Jesus.
Throw yourself off the temple = pride of life. To show everyone that He was the Son of God!
Worship Satan = lust of the eye. To be given control of all the kingdoms of the world, and to get that control without having to die on the cross. Could Satan give him all the kingdoms? Yes, he controlled all kingdoms with his demonic princes.
These 3 areas cover all temptations categorically. Hebrews 4: 15 For we do not have a high priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but One who has been tempted in all things just as we are, yet without sin.” Maybe not specific situations, I.e. Jesus was not tempted to cheat on his wife as we might be tempted to do. Add the temptation he faced due to his suffering: Hebrews 2:18 For since He Himself was tempted in that which He has suffered, He is able to come to the aid of those who are tempted.” That was a special temptation needed b/c 2 Timothy 3 all who live godly will suffer and Jesus needed to set an example of endurance. 1 Peter 2:21 For you have been called for this purpose, because Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example, so that you would follow in His steps.”
What did Jesus use to answer all 3 temptations even as Satan used some OT scriptures out of context? 3 times Jesus answered with “It is written” (i.e. written in the Old Testament). That means that Jesus had Scriptures memorized to be able to resist temptation. Psalm 119: 11 “I have hidden your word in my heart that I might not sin against you”. When you are tempted to commit adultery, you need to already have verses memorized ready to resist. Say those verses over and over until you have resisted the temptation. You can’t wait till you face temptation to decide how you will handle certain temptations. If you do, in the heat of the moment you will probably give in and sin.
Does Satan or anyone still use Scriptures out of context to tempt people to sin? Yes. Satan quoted an Old Testament verse: ‘He will give His angels orders concerning You’; and ‘On their hands they will lift You up,So that You do not strike Your foot against a stone.’ But he quoted it out of context. LGBTQ advocates will quote “God is love” passages. Universalists, Calvinists, JW’s will quote passages out of context. Jesus said “on the other hand” to show other verses that showed that Satan was quoting Scripture out of context. A Calvinist will quote John 10:28 and I give them eternal life, and they will never perish; and no one will snatch them out of My hand. But we need to say, “on the other hand” Galatians 5:4 clearly said that some believers had fallen from grace. Also John 10:27 My sheep listen to My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me. Present tense verb: they “follow me”. As long as the sheep follow Jesus, they will not fall from grace. But if they quit following Jesus, they can fall from grace. The verses harmonize when interpreted correctly. Jesus’ “on the other hand” tells us to harmonize verses that appear to contradict each other.
What are the main areas in general or specific temptations that you face? Maybe some things never tempt you, like doing drugs, but other things do. Have you set your mind to resist those temptations? Daniel 1:8 But Daniel made up his mind that he would not defile himself with the king’s choice food or with the wine which he drank.” James 4:7 (ESV): “Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.” Do you pray Matthew 6:13 And do not lead us into temptation, but deliver us from evil? Do you try to avoid situations where you might be tempted? Of course, you can’t avoid all possible tempting situations. You can’t quit driving b/c you get road rage. You can’t quit work b/c there are some pretty women there who might tempt you. But maybe you can avoid some like going out with guy friends who are going to be drinking.
Do we test God, and if so, how do we test God? Yes, we test God when we challenge him to do things just to satisfy our own purposes. “On the other hand”, Jesus said,”do not test the Lord God”. Examples of testing God: Exodus 17:2, 7: The Israelites quarreled with Moses in the desert when they had no water, asking, “Is the Lord among us or not?” Moses named the place Massah (which means “test”) because they tested the Lord. Deuteronomy 6:16: Moses explicitly warns the Israelites later: “You shall not put the Lord your God to the test, as you tested him at Massah.” Psalm 78:18-19: Describes how the Israelites “tested God in their heart by demanding the food they craved”. Hebrews 3:8 Do not harden your hearts as when they provoked Me,As on the day of trial in the wilderness, 9 Where your fathers put Me to the test, And saw My works for forty years. Judges 6:36-40 Gideon tested God asking for the fleece signs. There is one notable exception where God actively commands humanity to test Him. Malachi 3:10: God challenges His people regarding tithing, saying, “Bring the full tithe into the storehouse… And thereby put me to the test, says the Lord of hosts, if I will not open the windows of heaven for you and pour down for you a blessing until there is no more need.” Can you think of some examples where we test God?
Matthew 4:12 Why was John taken into custody and by whom?
AI: “John the Baptist was taken into custody by King Herod Antipas.
The Outcome: Herodias wanted John killed immediately, but Herod protected him initially because he respected him as a holy man. However, following a dance by Herodias’s daughter, Herod was tricked into an oath and ultimately had John beheaded in prison.
The Reason: John openly and publicly condemned Herod’s marriage to Herodias, the former wife of Herod’s brother Philip, calling the union unlawful.”
Matthew 4:12-16 Why did Jesus move from Nazareth to Capernaum?
AI: “Jesus relocated from Nazareth to Capernaum primarily to escape a violent threat to his life in his hometown and to establish a strategic base for his ministry.
The move was driven by several key factors:
Hostility in Nazareth: After Jesus preached in his hometown synagogue and challenged the traditional expectations of the townspeople, the crowd became enraged, expelled him from the city, and attempted to throw him off a cliff. Luke 4
Strategic Location: Capernaum was a bustling, prosperous fishing village located on the Via Maris (the “Way of the Sea”). This major international trade route allowed Jesus to reach large, diverse, and traveling crowds.
Discipleship Network: The city was the hometown of key disciples like Peter, Andrew, James, and John. Basing his ministry there provided immediate support from their fishing operations and established a reliable community foundation.
Fulfillment of Prophecy: According to the Gospel of Matthew, this move fulfilled the prophecy in Isaiah 9:1–2 regarding the lands of Zebulun and Naphtali, bringing “a great light” to the region. Isaiah 9:1-2 is a predictive prophecy not an analogy. That is obvious b/c it follows with Isaiah 9:6-9 which is all Messianic.
Safety Following John’s Arrest: The Gospels note that Jesus moved to Capernaum immediately after John the Baptist was imprisoned, suggesting the bustling town also offered a safer environment for his early ministry compared to small, tight-knit Nazareth.”
Matthew 4:17 What was the message of Jesus about the kingdom?
The same message as that of John (Matthew 3:1-2): “Repent for the kingdom of heaven is at hand or near.” Matthew 4:17 From that time Jesus began to preach and say, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near.” 4:23 Jesus was going about in all of Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom. This was the kingdom predicted to be established during the reign of Rome, Daniel 2:44-45. The Jews expected the Messiah to set up a kingdom that would defeat the Romans so they would have liked his preaching until he said that his kingdom was not of this world (John 18:26) which is why they rejected him in spirt of his miracles and fulfilled prophecy. The kingdom was near. It would be a spiritual kingdom, the church, that was established in Acts 2, made up of those saved by Jesus’s death.
Matthew 4:18-20 Who were the first two disciples Jesus called?
Peter and Andrew. Now read John 1:35-42. Same first two disciples but John is very different. Is this a contradiction?
AI: “The accounts in Matthew and John appear to contradict each other, but most biblical scholars view them as complementary stages of the same events rather than direct contradictions . They describe two different milestones in the relationship between Jesus and the disciples.
John’s Account (An Initial Meeting)
What happens: John the Baptist points out Jesus as the “Lamb of God,” prompting Andrew (and likely John) to follow Jesus and spend the day with Him. Andrew then finds his brother Simon, tells him he has found the Messiah, and brings him to Jesus. Jesus meets Simon and gives him the name “Peter”.
Key detail: The brothers are introduced to Jesus, but Jesus does not formally call them to leave their livelihoods at this moment.
Matthew’s Account (A Formal Call to Ministry)
What happens: Some time later, after John the Baptist has been arrested, Jesus is walking by the Sea of Galilee. He sees Peter and Andrew fishing and formally commands them, “Come, follow me, and I will make you fishers of men,” prompting them to immediately leave their nets to follow Him.
Key detail: This is the official induction into full-time discipleship.
How the Accounts Reconcile
In first-century Jewish culture, it was common for disciples to meet a rabbi informally before making a permanent, life-altering commitment to follow him. The consensus among theologians is that John records their first initial meeting in Judea, while Matthew describes a later, formal calling by the Sea of Galilee, where they officially left their fishing business to become traveling disciples.”
Matthew 4:21-22 Who were the next two disciples called?
The brothers James and John. Now read John 1:43-51 where Philip and Nathaniel are the next two called after Peter and Andrew. Is this a contradiction?
AI: “No, the two accounts describe different stages of Jesus’ early ministry and name different disciples after Peter and Andrew.
The two passages detail these callings as follows:
1. Matthew 4:21-22
In this account, Jesus calls James and John (the sons of Zebedee) immediately after calling Peter and Andrew. All four men were fishermen by trade, and Jesus called them directly from their boats to follow him.
2. John 1:43-51
In this account, Jesus calls Philip and Nathanael (also known as Bartholomew) after Peter and Andrew. This event happens chronologically earlier than Matthew 4, occurring in the region of Judea/Bethsaida before Jesus began his widespread ministry in Galilee.
Summary
Matthew’s sequence: Peter → Andrew → James → John.
John’s sequence: Andrew (and an unnamed disciple) → Peter → Philip → Nathanael.”
Did people really travel from Syria to be healed by Jesus?
AI: “Yes. 60-80 miles depending on starting point. In the first century, this trip through mountainous terrain and rugged ancient roads would have taken a traveler around 3 to 5 days on foot. Also from Decapolis and Judea which could be many miles from Capernaum.”
Matthew 4:23-25 Name all the diseases and sicknesses that Jesus healed. Did he cull anyone? No. Did he have disciples culling the severe cases like modern faith healers do?
AI: “Many modern faith healers and large crusade ministries do screen or deter people with severe, terminal, or visibly verifiable illnesses . Organizers often use screening lines or strict pre-interviews to manage the crowd, weed out obvious medical cases, and prioritize ailments that rely heavily on subjective reporting.
The practice of screening at healing crusades can be understood across three main approaches:
1. Pre-Screening and “Faith” Requirements
Many ministries use “prayer teams” or volunteer ushers to interview attendees before they ever reach the main stage or the healer.
Selective Vetting: Individuals with severe or terminal medical conditions are frequently weeded out or directed to a separate prayer area away from the main event.
Managing Expectations: Attendees are often screened to gauge their “level of faith”. Those who express doubt, medical skepticism, or who are not members of the specific faith tradition are often turned away.
2. Focus on Subjective Ailments
Instead of attempting to heal verifiable organic diseases (such as advanced cancer, genetic conditions, or amputations), crusades typically focus on symptoms that are subjective, fluctuate in intensity, or improve naturally.
Common Ailments Treated: Back pain, arthritis, temporary mobility issues, fatigue, and headaches.
Medical Verification: Because these conditions are not easily verified by objective medical imaging or blood tests, claims of immediate “healing” are much easier for a ministry to promote as miraculous.
3. Shifting the Blame for Failure
In a widely known investigatory documentary, Miracles for Sale by Derren Brown, undercover investigations revealed that some faith healers utilize “plants” and covertly gather information on the sick prior to the show to stage dramatic healings.
When a cure does not happen, modern healers often circumvent the issue by claiming:
The individual did not have enough faith.
There was a hidden, unconfessed sin in the person’s life.
It was simply “not God’s will” for that person to be healed at that time.
While some communities and ministries emphasize prayer as spiritual support alongside modern medicine, large-scale traveling “crusades” generally rely heavily on rigorous curation and orchestration.
This does not mean that God cannot heal today. But the evidence is clear that there are no healers who are healing instantaneously, undeniably, no relapses, unconditional (faith is not always required or mentioned), confirmable sicknesses and diseases. The healings ofJesus and the apostles were to confirm. We now have the completed word of God to confirm our salvation. If God still did those kind of healings, can you imagine how many people would become Christians just to be healed?”
I hope you enjoy this study of Matthew 4. A lot of “AI” but my philosophy is that if AI has a great answer to questions and searches, then why not use it. The info in AI comes from very good Biblical articles and usually finds some of the best answers on topics.
Mark 13 and Luke 21 comment on the beautiful stones in Herod’s temple.
AI: “Herod’s Temple, or the Second Temple, was a massive expansion of the Jewish temple in Jerusalem begun by Herod the Great around 19 BCE. It served as the focal point of Jewish worship and the three major pilgrimage festivals until it was completely destroyed by the Roman army in 70 CE.
History and Construction
Following the return of the Jewish people from the Babylonian exile and the destruction of the First Temple (built by Solomon), the Second Temple was constructed around 516 BCE. Seeking to legitimize his rule and honor the Jewish faith, Herod the Great initiated a massive renovation and expansion project in the 1st century BC.
The Temple Mount: Herod greatly expanded the flat esplanade of the Temple Mount by building monumental retaining walls and filling in the surrounding terrain, creating a massive, nearly 35-acre platform.
Engineering Feats: The construction involved massive stones, some weighing hundreds of tons, which were maneuvered and set using advanced ancient techniques.
Timeline: While the main sanctuary took about 18 months to build, expansions and subsidiary additions continued for decades. It was frequently under construction during the time of Jesus’s ministry.
Architecture and Layout
The temple complex was renowned for its beauty and grandeur, and the Talmud noted that “he who has not seen the Temple of Herod has never seen a beautiful building”.
The Sanctuary: The temple building itself was faced with white marble and overlaid with gold, reflecting the sunlight so brightly that it was hard to look at directly.
The Courts: The esplanade was surrounded by magnificent colonnades. On the southern side stood the Royal Stoa, a grand basilica used for civic and commercial purposes. Other sections included the Court of the Gentiles, the Court of the Women, and the Court of the Priests.
The Antonia Fortress: At the northwest corner of the complex sat the Antonia Fortress, a Roman military garrison that overlooked the temple courts.
Significance and Destruction
Herod’s Temple was the epicenter of religious, cultural, and national life for the Jewish people. Complex sacrifices and rituals were performed there, and it was the destination for required annual pilgrimages.
Destruction: In 66 CE, the First Jewish-Roman War broke out. In 70 CE, Roman legions under the command of Titus besieged and conquered Jerusalem. The Romans set fire to the temple and completely leveled it, leaving not one stone standing upon another, as prophesied in Christian scriptures.
Modern Surviving Remains: The Temple building itself was entirely lost. However, the colossal retaining walls Herod built to support the Temple Mount esplanade survived. The most famous and holiest remaining section of this structure is the Western Wall (or Wailing Wall) in Jerusalem, which continues to be a sacred site of prayer for the Jewish people.
But Jesus said to the disciples, “Not one stone will be left on another”. The disciples would never have expected such a prediction of the destruction of God’s holy temple. The Babylonians destroyed it in 586 BC. The Jews rebuilt it, although not as grandeur as Solomon’s first temple, in 516 BC on the first return from Babylonian captivity. Herod then made it a beautiful structure by the time of Jesus.
The disciples then asked a question with two parts.” 1) When will that happen? 2) What will be the sign of Christ’s coming and the end of the age. They had heard Jesus predict that he would come back within that generation (Matthew 10:23; 16:27,28). They assumed that the 2nd coming would bring about the end of the Jewish Age and usher in the beginning of the Messianic Age. The prediction of the destruction of the temple had to confound and disturb. Maybe they are thinking that Christ will return, destroy the temple, rebuild a 3rd temple, which is what a lot of Christians think today.
AI: “In Matthew 24:3, the disciples asked Jesus about the “end of the age”. To the 1st-century Jewish mind, this was not the end of the physical planet, but the end of the Old Covenant era—the age dominated by the Jerusalem Temple and Roman oppression. They expected the Messiah to trigger an apocalyptic transition, overthrow the Roman Empire, and establish a permanent, glorious Kingdom of Israel.
Key Jewish expectations regarding the “end of the age” included:
The Messiah’s Glorious Reign: They expected the Messiah to literally “come” (as inquired in verse 3) to sit on a physical throne, judge the wicked, and restore national sovereignty to Israel.
The Resurrection and Judgment: Rooted in passages like [Daniel 12:1-13], they anticipated a final resurrection of the dead and a vindication of the righteous.
The Passing of “This Age”: Jewish theology divided history into two periods: “this present evil age” (characterized by sin, suffering, and foreign domination) and “the age to come” (characterized by righteousness and the visible presence of God).
When Jesus prophesied the destruction of the Temple (v. 2), the disciples naturally assumed this catastrophic judgment would signal the arrival of the Messiah’s kingdom and the dawn of the “age to come”.”
So the disciples are looking for “when” the temple will be destroyed and for the “signs” that would precede the 2nd coming and end of the age. Jesus then names several things that will happen that will not be signs (wars, etc.). He gives a “when” answer in Matthew 24:14 This gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all the nations, and then the end will come.”” The preaching of the gospel to the whole Roman Empire would have to happen first and the end of the age would follow right after that. The apostles fulfilled that by 70 AD (Colossians 1:23) when the temple was destroyed.
Daniel 9:24-27 had predicted the abomination and destruction of the temple in the 70 week prophecy. Daniel 12 also predicted the abomination of desolation to occur at the “end”, the “end time”, and the “end of the age”. That would be where the Jews got the idea of the “end of the age”. Jesus said that the abomination of desolation predicted by Daniel would occur after the gospel was preached to the whole world (Matthew 24:15). When would that be? In Matthew 24:34 Jesus said 34 Truly I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place.” The Greek word genea in the New Testament always means a 40 year period or the people living in a 40 year period. So the abomination of desolation of the temple had to occur within about 40 years of when Jesus said that. That means that he must be predicting the destruction of the temple by the Romans in 70 AD since he made that prediction in about 30 AD.
Luke 21 describes it differently and adds that Jerusalem itself will be trampled under foot by Gentiles (Romans) and destroyed: 21:20 “But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then recognize that her desolation is near. 21 Then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains, and those who are inside the city must leave, and those who are in the country must not enter the city; 22 because these are days of punishment, so that all things which have been written will be fulfilled. 23 Woe to those women who are pregnant, and to those who are nursing babies in those days; for there will be great distress upon the land, and wrath to this people; 24 and they will fall by the edge of the sword, and will be led captive into all the nations; and Jerusalem will be trampled underfoot by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.” But Luke puts the same time limit for the event to happen: 21:32 Truly I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all things take place.” Indeed the Romans did surround Jerusalem and siege it for 5 months before finally breaking through the 3 walls and destroying the city and the temple under Titus.
Luke also adds, 21: 22 because these are days of punishment, so that all things which have been written will be fulfilled.” All Old Testament prophecies had to be fulfilled by 70 AD, and that would include Daniel’s predictions about the abomination of desolation and the end of the Age.
Jesus adds a few warnings for the inhabitants of the city to flee hastily to the mountains when they see this sign coming true. He predicted a tribulation of the Jews like had never occurred. That tribulation would happen at the same time as the abomination of desolation. Matthew 21:21 For then there will be a great tribulation, such as has not occurred since the beginning of the world until now, nor ever will again.” Daniel 12:1-2 also predicted this AD 70 tribulation that would occur at the end of the age in 70 AD. Many use this verse to predict a tribulation of Christians at some time in our future, but that is totally incorrect. The tribulation Jesus spoke of occurred in the suffering and killing of Jews by the Romans in the Wars of the Jews (66-70 AD) and In the siege and destruction of the temple in 70 AD.
Jesus then predicts his 2nd coming that the disciples had asked for a sign of when that would happen (24:3). 24:29 “But immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. 30 And then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the sky, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of the sky with power and great glory. 31 And He will send forth His angels with a great trumpet blast, and they will gather together His elect from the four winds, from one end of the sky to the other.” Notice that this 2nd coming would occur “immediately after the tribulation”. If the tribulation occurred in 70 AD, then the 2nd coming would be immediately after that, also in 70 AD. Jesus had already predicted that his 2nd coming would be within the lifetime of those he was talking to (Matthew 10:23; 16:27,28) so this prediction agrees with earlier predictions. He even said that some of those he was talking to would still be alive to see his 2nd coming in his kingdom (Matthew 16:28). He said in 24:30 that this 2nd coming would happen within that generation. Jesus had ascended in the clouds (Acts 1:9-11) and two angels told the apostles that he would return in the same way. Matthew 24:30 confirms that he came “on the clouds” in 70 AD. “Every eye will see him”: Revelation 1:7 describes the Second Coming of Jesus, stating: “Behold, he is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all tribes of the earth will wail on account of him.” Matthew 24:30 “they will see” Jesus when he would come in 70 AD at his 2nd coming. Did every eye on the planet see Jesus coming in 70 AD? No, but the first century Jews saw that 70 AD was Jesus coming on the clouds to judge the Jews, especially those who crucified him, who would be killed by the Romans in 70 AD. The bottom line is that Matthew 24:30-34 said that they would see Jesus coming on the clouds at the 2nd coming within that generation, fulfilling the prediction that every eye will see him coming on the clouds.
But what about “the stars will fall from the sky” if this prediction in 70 AD? Did that happen literally in 70 AD. Of course not. But such figurative language was used often in the Old Testament describing judgments of nations. Isaiah 13 uses the same type of figurative language to describe the judgment of Babylon. Isaiah 13:10 “the stars will not flash their light, the sun will be dark when it rises, and the moon will not shed its light”. So the stars falling was fulfilled figuratively in the 2nd coming in 70 AD. Many think that the stars will have to fall literally at some future 2nd coming but that is false.
In Matthew 24:36-41 Jesus compares this imminent 2nd coming with the judgment of the world in the days of Noah. Just like the wicked before the flood, the wicked Jews would not heed Jesus’ warning about 70 AD. 24:37 For [ab]the coming of the Son of Man will be just like the days of Noah.” This is the same 2nd coming in 70 AD that he had just predicted. Many agree that up to verse 35 is predicting AD 70 but then they say verses 36-41 is predicting a 3rd coming that is still in our future. Where would such a new prediction of a 3rd coming come from since we now have 3 predictions (Matthew 10:23; 16:27,28; 24:30-34) by Jesus that his 2nd coming would be within that generation? Not only that, he says that, just like the flood, “two men will be taken and one left”. So who was “taken” at the flood? It was the wicked taken and the righteous (Noah and his family) that were left. This is totally opposite of what futurists teach will happen at some “rapture” at some future 2nd coming. They say the righteous will be taken and the wicked left, which is the opposite of what Jesus said would happen in 70 AD. Matthew 24 is predicting only one 2nd coming in 70 AD Even Jesus did not know the exact time and date, but he gave the signs to look for so the righteous Jews could escape the city before it was too lat. According to Eusebius, they Jewish Christians in the city did heed Jesus’ warnings and fled to Pella before 70 AD.
This discussion of Matthew 24 doesn’t deal with every detail, but I hope it does correctly interpret Jesus’ comments. Some say that it does predict AD 70 but that it has a double fulfillment of a 3rd coming in our future, but such double fulfillments would make the original prediction meaningless. The prediction was that the 2nd coming would occur within that generation and that can’t be fulfilled a 2nd time going on 2000 years later. Some use this chapter to predict nothing but a future 2nd coming that is yet to happen, but that is false also. They say that the “generation” in Matthew 24:34 is some future “terminal generation, the last generation before the 2nd coming, instead of the generation living when Jesus spoke this. That is false also. I heard on TV preacher use 24:34 to say that the 2nd coming was imminent at the time he was speaking b/c he said it had to happen “within this generation” of about 40 years, i.e. the period the preacher was living in. If it meant that when the preacher lived, why did it not mean that when Jesus spoke it?
AI: Associated with Daniel’s prophecies, this is widely viewed as a future, literal event where an ultimate world leader (the Antichrist) desecrates a rebuilt Jewish Temple in Jerusalem.” Of course, for Matthew 24 to be fulfilled in our future, a 3rd temple would have to be built and many expect that to happen.
AI:”Beliefs about a Third Temple on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem are rooted in Jewish eschatology and Christian end-times prophecy. Specific groups hold varying views on its construction:
Orthodox Judaism: Many believe a literal Third Temple will be built, and animal sacrifices will be reinstituted in the Messianic era. Organizations like the Temple Institute have actively prepared for this by recreating ritual objects and priestly garments. Traditional views dictate that this Temple will be built by the Messiah himself or descend miraculously from heaven. They do not expect this 3rd temple to be defiled or destroyed, as Christians believe, b/c they do not accept Jesus as the true Messiah and therefore reject his teachings in Matthew 24.
Evangelical and Dispensational Christians: Many Christians (particularly premillennialists) believe a literal Third Temple must be built in Jerusalem prior to the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. They interpret biblical prophecies as foretelling that the Antichrist will allow the Temple to be built, only to defile it mid-way through a seven-year tribulation period. They believe that 3rd temple will be destroyed.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Also known as the LDS Church, they believe that a Jewish temple will be built in Jerusalem in the last days, in addition to another temple to be built in Missouri.”
That just amazes me these groups all agree that a 3rd temple will be built but totally disagree on what will happen after that. The orthodox Jews believe that the temple will not be destroyed but will resume animal sacrifices and convert Gentiles to Judaism. They get this from Jeremiah 33:17 For this is what the Lord says: ‘David shall not lack a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel; 18 and the Levitical priests shall not lack a man before Me to offer burnt offerings, to burn grain offerings, and to prepare sacrifices continually.’” That does sound like what will happen if this was to be fulfilled literally. But if you are a Christian and believe in the New Testament, then you know that is not going to happen. The book of Hebrews clearly states that the animal sacrifices have ceased and we are saved by the blood of Jesus. God would never have us go back to animal sacrifices and Levitical priests like in the Old Covenant. All Christians are priests in the new covenant and not just one tribe of Judah who can’t even prove their genealogy today. So Jeremiah 33:17-18 is fulfilled figuratively and not literally in the new covenant. The sacrifices Christians offer as spiritual priests are praise, thanksgiving, and sharing with others instead of animal sacrifices.
Then there are the Christians who mistakenly say Matthew 24 is still in our future, that a 3rd temple will be built and destroyed, and that Jesus’ 2nd coming will convert the Gentiles and Jews to Christianity. But they think the nation of Israel is somehow part of this happening so they promote the support of Israel. But God said that he was taking the kingdom from Israel and giving it to the spiritual kingdom, the church (Matthew 21:43). God wants all Jews to be saved by belief in Jesus but he is through with Israel as a nation. Strange bedfellows, the Jews and the Christians. Raising money together to build a 3rd temple but totally different plans for that temple and two totally different plans of salvation (one with Jesus and one with a future Messiah to come). Of course the Mormons have their cultish believe in two temples, one in Jerusalem and one in Missouri (why not Utah?)
Let’s thrown in another kink. AI: “Shia Muslims do not believe that Jesus will rebuild the Jewish temple but they do believe that Jesus is coming back with the Imam Madhi. In Shia eschatology, the primary goal of Jesus’s return is to support the Imam Mahdi (the twelfth, hidden Shia Imam) in establishing global justice and to unite believers under Islam.
Key aspects of these beliefs include:
The Role of Jesus: Jesus (known as Isa in Islam) is a highly revered prophet and the Messiah. Upon his return, he is expected to pray behind Imam Mahdi, demonstrating the finality of Prophet Muhammad’s message and the leadership of the Imam.
Focus on Existing Holy Sites: Rather than building a new Jewish temple, the returned Jesus and Imam Mahdi are focused on defeating evil and restoring righteous rule and the conversion of all peoples and religions other Islam. The site of the former Jewish temple in Jerusalem is currently home to the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock, which are deeply sacred in Islam.
Islamic Prophecy: According to traditional Islamic sources, Jesus will fulfill his role by correcting misunderstandings about his life, confirming his status as a messenger, and guiding Christians and Jews to recognize the truth of Islam. He will tell Christians that they have been misled into believing that Jesus was the Son of God when he was just another prophet, not even the last prophet (Muhammed was the last prophet). Muhammed was very clear in the Koran that God did not have a Son and that the Christians had been deceived to believe that Jesus was the Son of God.
CHAPTER 3. I would encourage you to pull up Matthew chapter 3 as you read this article and study questions.
1 How many years did John preach before he baptized Jesus?
AI: John the Baptist preached for about six months before he baptized Jesus. Historically and biblically, John was six months older than Jesus. According to tradition and Levitical principles, religious teachers began their public ministries around the age of 30. Consequently, John likely started his preaching and baptismal ministry in the wilderness at age 30, preceding Jesus’s own baptism by about half a year.
2 Is 40:3 is a predictive prophecy only fulfilled in John? The voice of one calling out, “Clear the way for the Lord in the wilderness; Make straight in the desert a highway for our God.
3 Did John do miracles? John 10:41-42 Many came to Him and were saying, “While John performed no sign, yet everything John said about this Man was true.” And many believed in Him there.
4 Why did so many Jews believe that John was a prophet even though he did no miracles to confirm that he was a prophet?
Matthew 21:23 When He entered the temple area, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to Him while He was teaching, and said, “By what authority are You doing these things, and who gave You this authority?” 24 But Jesus responded and said to them, “I will also ask you one [z]question, which, if you tell Me, I will also tell you by what authority I do these things. 25 The baptism of John was from what source: from heaven or from men?” And they began considering the implications among themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will say to us, ‘Then why did you not believe him?’ 26 But if we say, ‘From men,’ we fear the people; for they all regard John as a prophet.” 27 And answering Jesus, they said, “We do not know.” He also said to them, “Neither am I telling you by what authority I do these things.
AI: “Many first-century Jews viewed John the Baptist as a prophet—despite his lack of miracles—due to a “400-year drought” of prophecy, his compelling Elijah-like persona, and widespread spiritual readiness for an apocalyptic messenger.
Historically, this belief was driven by several distinct factors:
The Prophetic Drought: Prophecy was believed to have ceased in Israel centuries earlier with Malachi. When John appeared in the wilderness calling people to repentance, the sheer return of a bold, uncompromising prophetic voice electrified a weary populace.
The “Elijah” Archetype: John dressed in camel’s hair with a leather belt—the exact attire of the prophet Elijah. The Jewish people expected Elijah to return before the Messiah, and John’s location at the Jordan River matched these messianic expectations. Micah 4:5 “Behold, I am going to send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and terrible day of the Lord. 6 He will turn the hearts of the fathers back to their children and the hearts of the children to their fathers, so that I will not come and strike the land with complete destruction.”
Anointed Preaching: On Christian forums such as Christianity.StackExchange, users and theologians agree that his powerful, spirit-anointed speech convicted listeners’ hearts. His boldness in calling out the sins of everyday people and religious elites resonated deeply in a time of political and spiritual tension.
The Symbolism of Baptism: Rather than requiring miracles, John’s introduction of mass ritual immersion in the Jordan River for the forgiveness of sins was seen as a potent sign of spiritual cleansing and national renewal.
Vindication by Historical Events: According to the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, when King Herod Antipas executed John and later lost a military battle to an enemy, the Jewish populace saw the military defeat as divine punishment for executing a holy man.”
5 What was John’s message?
Repent for the kingdom of heaven is near. Near: eggizó: To draw near, to approach, to come near. Is this near in God’s time frame? Notice “repent” is tied to “kingdom is near”. What does that imply about the meaning of “near”? The urgency. Study hard b/c I’m giving you a test soon. If the kingdom was not established soon after John and Jesus predicted that then they were false prophets.
6 What was this kingdom of heaven that was near?
Jesus also predicted that the kingdom of heaven was near: Mark 1:15 “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God has come near; repent and believe in the gospel.”Daniel 2 had predicted that God would set up His kingdom in the days of the 4th empire, the legs of iron on the stature, which would be Rome, so the kingdom had to be established while Rome was still in power (Rome fell in 450 AD). Rome was ruling at the time John preached. That kingdom and long awaited Messiah and King would establish a spiritual kingdom. John 18:36 My kingdom is not of this world. That kingdom would be the church (church and kingdom are synonymous in Matthew 16:16-18). Colossians 1:13 believers were translated into the kingdom of Jesus (the church). Revelation 1:6 God made believers into a kingdom of spiritual priests.
7 What was the baptism of John for? Mark 1:4: “John did baptize in the wilderness, and preach the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins” (KJV). Luke 3:3: “And he came into all the country around the Jordan, preaching a baptism of repentance for the remission of sins.
8 How long would it be used and valid? As of Matthew 28:18-20; Acts 2:38 the baptism of the new covenant after Jesus died was in the name of Jesus. Acts 19:1-10 there were 12 disciples who were baptized with John’s baptism after it was no longer valid. Apollos (Acts 18:24-28) was a Christian preacher but for some reason was still preaching the baptism of John after it was no longer valid so he probably baptized these 12 disciples. Paul re-baptized the 12 men in the name of Jesus. Did those baptized with John’s baptism before Acts 2, before the new baptism started, have to be re-baptized in the name of Jesus? Surely some of those 3,000 baptized in Acts 2 in the name of Jesus had been baptized with John’s baptism?
9 Who did John rebuke harshly and why?
AI:John the Baptist’s rebuke was specifically directed at the Pharisees and Sadducees , not the entirety of the Jewish population. In the biblical accounts, he condemned these specific religious leaders for hypocrisy, self-righteousness, and lack of genuine repentance.
The historical context and exact details of his message clarify this distinction:
The Metaphor of “Vipers”
Nature of the Term: John called them a “generation” or “brood of vipers” (poisonous snakes).
Theological Meaning: In biblical tradition, serpents and vipers were associated with deceit, danger, and Satan. John used this metaphor to highlight that these religious leaders bore evil, satanic qualities despite their outward appearance of righteousness.
Scholarly Consensus: Scholars agree that John was directly condemning the hypocrisy of these leaders, who sought baptism not out of a repentant heart, but to maintain their status and escape God’s judgment.
The Warning Against False Lineage
Relying on Heritage: The Pharisees and Sadducees believed they were secure in God’s favor simply because they were physical descendants of Abraham.
John’s Rebuttal: John told them not to rely on their lineage, warning that God could “raise up children to Abraham from these stones”. He demanded that they produce “fruit in keeping with repentance”, meaning their inner faith had to be backed by righteous actions.
Who He Preached To
The General Crowds: In Luke 3:7-14, large crowds of regular Jewish people, tax collectors, and soldiers came to hear John and asked him, “What should we do then?” Instead of calling them vipers, John instructed them to share their resources, act with integrity, and avoid extortion.
The Opponents: The harsh judgment was reserved for the unrepentant leaders who opposed his message of humility and actively misled the people.
10 What do you admire about John the Baptist? His courage, humility (willing to play 2nd fiddle to Jesus), dedication to his calling, sacrifice (tough lifestyle), perseverance, he was beheaded for condemning a marriage. What if God called you to such a job? Do we need some of John’s preaching today for America, for the church?
11 What was the “wrath to come” he warned them about? Was that AD 70 and the judgment on the Jews that killed one million Jews? The “axe already at the root of the Jews” also indicates imminency.
12 What was the baptism of the Spirit that Jesus would baptize with?
Acts 1:4 Gathering them together, He commanded them not to leave Jerusalem, but to wait for what the Father had promised, “Which,” He said, “you heard of from Me; 5 for John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.” What did they receive? Miraculous speaking in tongues in Acts 2. Acts 2:33 Therefore, since He has been exalted at the right hand of God, and has received the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father, He has poured out this which you both see and hear.” Baptism is immersion. The HS was “poured out” in Acts 2, immersing (baptizing) the apostles in the HS. Acts 2:17 Joel had predicted that the HS would be poured out on all believers in the last days (30-70 AD), referring to the miraculous gifts (again, immersing them in the HS).
Cornelius also received the baptism of the HS. Acts 10:45 All theJewish believers who came with Peter were amazed, because the gift of the Holy Spirit had also been poured out on the Gentiles.” Acts 11:15 And as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell upon them just as He did upon us at the beginning. 16 And I remembered the word of the Lord, how He used to say, ‘John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’ 17 Therefore, if God gave them the same gift as He also gave to us after believing in the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I that I could stand in God’s way?”
The fact that the HS was to be poured out on all believers in the last days indicates to me that the baptism of the HS was the pouring out of the HS miraculous gifts during the last days. The apostles received a greater miraculous portion of that pouring out. They received inspiration. I don’t believe that we have the baptism of the HS today after 70 AD.
13 What was the baptism of fire that Jesus would baptize with? Hint: 3:10 mentioned trees being cast into the fire. 3:12 the chaff were burned up with fire. The baptism of fire was the judgment on the Jews in 70 AD killing one milliion wicked Jews. Some groups taught that the baptism of fire was a good thing:
AI: Pentecostals & Holiness Groups: Many denominations within the Holiness and Pentecostal movements (such as the International Pentecostal Holiness Church) explicitly teach that the baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire is an empowering, sanctifying experience that comes after water baptism. They associate this “fire” with intense spiritual zeal and often link it to the outward sign of speaking in tongues as recorded in Acts 2.
Charismatics: Contemporary Charismatic groups often emphasize a “baptism of fire” as a refining process that burns away worldly habits and empowers believers to boldly preach and serve.
Historical Church Fathers: In the early Church, theologians like Origen and Gregory of Nyssa taught that God’s fire was restorative. They viewed the baptism of fire as a necessary, loving purification of the soul—either in this life or the afterlife—to purge away sin and reconcile all people to God.”
This pouring out of the HS on believers was promised in Isaiah 43:3 For I will pour water on the thirsty land And streams on the dry ground; I will pour out My Spirit on your offspring, And My For I will pour water on the thirsty land And streams on the dry ground; I will pour out My Spirit on your offspring.”
14 Why was John so reluctant to baptize Jesus? How long had he known Jesus? He was Jesus’ second cousin and roughly 6 months older. While they likely knew of each other as family, John did not fully recognize Jesus’ divine identity until Jesus’ baptism when he saw the Spirit descend on Jesus. .
John 1:29 The next day he *saw Jesus coming to him, and *said, “Behold, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world! 30 This is He in behalf of whom I said, ‘After me is coming a Man who has proved to be my superior, because He existed before me.’ 31 And I did not recognize Him, but so that He would be revealed to Israel, I came baptizing in water.” 32 And John testified, saying, “I have seen the Spirit descending as a dove out of heaven, and He remained upon Him. 33 And I did not recognize Him, but He who sent me to baptize in water said to me, ‘He upon whom you see the Spirit descending and remaining upon Him, this is the One who baptizes in the Holy Spirit.’ 34 And I myself have seen, and have testified that this is the Son of God.”Their active ministries overlapped for roughly 1 to 3 years before John was imprisoned and beheaded.”
Apparently John knew Jesus’ upright character and didn’t think that Jesus even needed a baptism for repentance and remission of sins. Have you ever known someone that you think is flawless?
15 Why did Jesus insist on John baptizing him? He said it was to “fulfill all righteousness”. What does that mean?
16 What did Jesus receive when he was baptized by John?
Isaiah 42:1: Records God’s promise: “I will put My Spirit upon Him; He will bring justice to the nations” Isaiah 61:1: Foretells that the “Spirit of the Lord GOD” is upon the Anointed One. Acts 10:38 You know of Jesus of Nazareth, how God anointed Him with the Holy Spirit and with power, and how He went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with Him. He received miraculous power. He did no miracles until he was baptized.
17 What miracles did the apocryphal 2nd century Infancy Gospel of Thomas claim that the boy Jesus did?
At age 5, Jesus shaped twelve sparrows from soft clay on the Sabbath. When criticized, he clapped his hands, gave the birds breath, and told them to fly away. He resurrected playmates who had died from falls or fatal illnesses, and once commanded a dead workman to stand up and continue his labor. Jesus healed the foot of a young woodcutter who had severed it with an axe, and also cured his brother James from a venomous snakebite. To assist Joseph with his carpentry, Jesus miraculously stretched a short piece of wood to the exact length Joseph required.Jesus planted a single grain of wheat that yielded an impossible 100 bushels of grain. Unlike the canonical Gospels, the Infancy Gospel also includes darker miracles. When angered, young Jesus cursed a boy who knocked over his play pools causing him to wither and die, and temporarily blinded parents and community members who criticized his actions.
Nicky's Notes 